During the 1,000 years of Israel’s history many groups broke away from the main body and migrated to new homes. The result was that there were several foreign colonies of Israel people in existence long before the destruction of their nation in old Canaan. Groups of Israelites began to migrate away from the main body even before the Israel nation was formed. One of these groups under the leadership of Calcol, a prince of the tribe of Judah, went westward across the Mediterranean eventually settling in Ulster. Another, under the leadership of Dardanus, a brother of Calcol, crossed to Asia Minor to found the kingdom later known as Troy. When Troy was destroyed by the Greeks, the Trojans fled to Italy and later to Britain where they established themselves as the kingdom of Britain about the year 1100 B.C.
Another and much larger migration away from the main body of Israel took place during the wandering in the wilderness of Sinai after the Exodus from Egypt. A careful study of the census figures given in the Book of Numbers, chapters 2 and 26, will show that nearly a million people disappeared during this forty-year period.
Their disappearance from Sinai coincides with the arrival in Western Europe of a people called Iberians, which is simply another form of the word, “Hebrews.” (The word, Hebrew, is derived from the name of the patriarch Eber. Since vowels were not written originally, Eber and Iber would be written the same.) Some of these Iberians later moved on into Britain, so it is evident that the descendants of the Israelites who disappeared from Sinai came to Britain as Iberians.
After Israel settled in Canaan, other Israelite family groups drifted away. About 1,000 B.C. the tribe of Dan left, going first to Greece (as the Danoi) and later to Denmark and Ireland (known as Danaan). About 750 B.C. those living east of the Jordan River were conquered and driven into exile by the Assyrians. This section of Canaan was called Gaulan. The Hebrew word for exile is Galah. Thus these exiles from Gaulan would be the Galli or Gauls. Seeking a new home they migrated across Europe to France and later to Britain where, under the name of Gauls or Gaels, they united with the Iberians to form the people known to history as the ancient Britons.
Finally, the Israel nation itself was destroyed and its people driven away into exile, most of them to Assyria and Media. Following the fall of the Assyrian Empire they regained their freedom and broke into groups that gradually migrated north-westward across Europe to the shores of the North Sea as Jutes, Angles, Saxons and Goths. In Denmark and Scandinavia they found the Danites who had preceded them and presently all of these groups invaded and settled in Britain.
It is now believed that many though not all the exiled tribes, who were, according to the Second Book of Kings, transported to the region of Media in what is now northwestern Iran in the year 721BC, most likely simply assimilated with the population of the area after their release, losing any special sense of Israelite identity. There is also Biblical and Talmudic testimony that sections of the population of the lost tribes were simply reunited with the rest of the Israelites when they, too, were exiled and, later, returned to the Land of Israel. However, many did continue to move across Europe over many centuries, and numerous New Testament writers, including Paul, Peter and James, make reference to the dispersion of these peoples in their letters, even addressing their letters to or identifying the recipients of those letters as "exiles of the dispersion".
In John 7:33, we read, "Then Jesus said to them, "I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me. 34 "You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come." 35 Then the Judeans said among themselves, "Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him? Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks and teach the Greeks?" The people of Judea at the time of Jesus thus believed that a disperson had taken place, that these dispersed people had not returned to be re-united with them, but were in fact now scattered among the Greeks (some translate the word 'Greek' as 'Gentiles'). The Greek empire had occupied a large section of Europe to the north and west of Judea.
Thus it is ascertained that in New Testament times, which were some 700 years after the event, the occurance of a dispersion was common knowledge and the location of some or all sections of the dispersed people was clearly known and identifiable. Towards the end of the two milennia that have passed since the time of the 1st Century church, such is no longer the case. Over the passing centuries, often in order to hide their Jewish or Israelite identities during tribulations, crusades and continual exiles, these people have lost their Israelite identities. They have assimilated into the mass population and taken on the identities in the localities in which they finally settled.
References in the Bible and archaeological inscriptions indicate that many of the familiy names within the tribes were given by the clans within the individual tribes to the places where their either settled and passed through. A total of seventy souls went down to Egypt with Jacob and his family [Genesis 46:8 -26]. These include the family of Joseph. These names are repeated with some variations in the Book of Numbers (26:4-50). Other names are found in the Bible that also became clan names. Many of the names - or variations of them - of both the original seventy people, and of their descendants, appear to have been retained by these people as they moved thoughout Europe. They named towns, rivers and regions after their tribal origins, just as the European pioneer settlers in places like the Americas and Australia did in more recent times. Taking this phenomenon into consideration, together with Biblical and other evidence, this allows us to trace the movements of many of these members of the Lost Tribes, as it has helped many across modern day Europe to trace their origins.
For the purpose of this exercise, the following is a fairly broad summary of many of these tribal names and the locations where these names have appeared across Europe.
THE TRIBE OF GADJacob's prophecy about the descendants of Gad is that a raiding troop would invade them, but he shall raid at their heels and assault them victoriously. The Hebrew term "Gad" is pronounced in the modern Hebrew dialects as "Goth". Gad's descendants appear to have been the warlike Goths and the Huns who would eventually populate the whole of Western Europe (the Hugeonots) to as far west as Iceland, Scotland (the Scottish Highlands), Ireland, Sweden and the Baltic states. Variations of the name Gad appear frequently across these countries:
Gudos was also a name for the Goths who invaded the Ango-Saxons.
Getae were a Gothic group in the Balkans and Scandinavia, it being another form of Goth.
Guti was a name for the Goths both in Scandinavia and east of the Caspian though some modern historians incorrectly trans-literate the name (from Chinese characters) as "Yueh-chi".
Guthones - Goths on the Baltic coast.
Gautoi in Scandinavia.
Gadrosia in Iran.
Pasargadoi, found in ancient Iran, meant Sons of Gadin.
Thatagydes was a locality in ancient Afghanistan: "Thata" represented the Teutons and "Gydes" the Goths.
The Gadeni lived in the region of Scotland which lies between the mouth of the River Tweed and the Forth at Edinburgh, and is today divided into many sub-regions, of which the chief are Teviotdale, Tweeddale, the Merse, and Lothian (in Latin Lodeneium); under this last name all were included in writers of the Middle Age
Gaedhal Glas who was the progenitor of the Gaelic speaking Q-Celts who settled Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man and other places. Gaedhal had a son named Esru (Israel?) The Fierce who sired a son named Sru.
Ziphion, Thaifalli (Gothic allies from Scythia migrated to France), Haggi (Chaggi)
Chauci (Franks also known as "Hugo", and as "Hocing"). Yngling (Sweden), Cauci (Ireland).
The Hugeonots of France were named after the legendary identifiable Haggi of Gad.
Shuni (Suni), Suiones (Sweden).
Etsbon, Bastarnae (Gothic Galatian group moved to France), Astings, Hastings (a Vandal group invaded England and Scotland), Ozni, Osnabruch (Frankish Germany).
Eri (Geri), Grani (Sweden), Greotingi (Goths, Sweden).
Arodi (Ha-Arodi) Harudi (Norway), Hreadgoths (Scandinavia).
Areli (Ha-Eruli) Eruli (Herules) -associated with Goths, Sweden.
Guni Chouni (Huns), see Guni of Naphtali (Egan, Denmark, Gugerni, Holland).
The Igbo Jews of Nigeria claim descent variously from the tribes of Ephraim, Menasseh, Levi, Zebulun and Gad.
Possible meaning of the names:
Gad - Good Fortune, A troop of soldiers
Ziphion - The Northerner, the secretive modest one
Haggi - The Rejoicer
Suni - The beautiful Handsome One
Etsbon - Creator, the Sensitive One
Ozni Attentive Well-Balanced
Eri Alert
Arodi A Wild Donkey, a powerful serpent
Areli The Lion
Guni The Protector and Protected
Gad dominated Sweden but also had offshoots all over Europe especially in France, maybe Spain, Holland, and elsewhere.
Jacob's prophecy about the descendants of Naphtali is that they would be like a hind let loose which yields lovely fawns. His descendants are found mainly in the Scandinavian and the sea countries (Norway, Denmark, Holland), originally as Vikings and Huns, but they have also surfaced in Northern China.
"And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shilem" Genesis 46; 24
The river which since the end of World War II marks the border between Norway and Russia is called Granse Jakobs elv, which means Jacob's border river.
PEOPLES OF NAPHTALI
Naphtalite-Huns (Thyssagetae of east Scythia; Sian Yueh-chi, ie. Little Goths) migrated to Norway Thule (Norway).
Jahzeel - Zeeland (literally Jahzeel's Land), Zealand (Denmark); Yssel (Scandinavia).
Guni = Egan (Norway), Gugerni (The Netherlands), Chouni (Huni, Huns of Scandinavia etc.)
Jezer = Jassar (Alans); Vraesi (Denmark, emigrated en-masse to Britain).
Shillem = Sillingae (amongst the Vandals, The Netherlands, and Scandinavia).
The tribe of Dan has been identified with the Denyen, part of the Sea Peoples who invaded Egypt. Dan seems to have been added to the Israelite confederation after the period of Deborah; when this prophet called upon the aid of the people's of Israel. Dan was preoccupied with 'his ships' and did not respond to the call.
When Jacob blessed his sons before his death, of Dan's descendants in the end times he said, "He shall judge His people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent by the way, a viper by the parth, so that its rider shall fall backward". This is the most puzzling of the prophecies by Jacob over his sons and indicates that in some way, the peoples of the tribe of Dan could well be involved in the bringing of the tribes of Israel to justice or punishment. In an irony to Jewish history, as well as their involvement in the Scythian kingdoms, the tribe of Dan has left a trail which took them through Greece and later to Rome. Could descendants of Dan have actually been involved with all the holocausts of Jewish history (Greek, Roman, The Inquisition and Nazi Germany)? Danites appeared in Northern England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland amongst the Celts; and Denmark, which still bears the tribal name.
"And the sons of Dan; Hushim" Genesis 46; 23. "These are the sons of Dan after their families: of Shuham, the family of the Shuhami. These are the families of Dan after their families" Numbers 26; 42.
PEOPLES OF DAN
DAN: Danaster, Danaper, Danube (all rivers associated with the Scyths), Denmark
Danuna: One of the Sea-Peoples from Cilicia (south-east Turkey). They moved with the Jutes to Denmark.
Dangalai (Iran), they apparently moved to Scythia.
Danava (a Scythian Tribe)
Dana (from Lebanon-Israel to Ireland, Tuatha de Danaan)
Don: River Don, Doncaster, UK
Damnones (Scythia, Scotland, south-west Britain, also known as "Dannonia")
Dani (Danes of Denmark).
SHUCHAM (Suham) = Suehan (Sweden), Suoumi (Finland, also associated with Simeon)
HUSHAM (Hussem) = Hesse (Franks in Germany)
Simeon and Levi were brothers, destined to be divided in Jacob, scattered in Israel (Genesis 49; 7) and therefore were not to be concentrated in one specific area. The name Levi seems to recur in family appellations such as Levison, and Lewis. They were the priestly tribe to which Moses and Aaron belonged. As such, they were not counted as a tribe in that they did not have a section of the Promised Land that was allocated as theirs. When the 12 tribes were listed, Levi was usually left out (leaving 11) and Ephraim and Manasseh, the half-Egyptian sons of Joseph, were inserted to make up the twelve. Most Levites appear today to be found scattered through all sections of Jewish communities and seem to be especially noticeable amongst sections of the North African Jewish communities. Levi was not one of the Lost Tribes.
Headobard = decended from Ohad, the son of Simeon. Lombard is derived from it, and it is in Lombardy in Northern Italy that many of Levi's descendants settled. In ancient times Lomardy had been known as "Gallia Transpadana" and its one-time inhabitants according to Pliny (N.H. 3; 17) had been called "Laevi" or "Levi". Thus, the Simeon-Levi association may have been repeated when the Headobards (Ohad from Simeon) settled in the "Levi" neighborhood creating a Lombard-Laevi conjunction. At Milan, capital of Lombardy, there existed a theocratical government for nearly 200 years (1100's-1200's) that used names and ceremonies drawn from the Old Testament. At the same time the sect of Passagii attempted to adopt all of the Mosaic Law as it was understood by them and later from time to time similar tendencies made themselves evident in that country.
The Lombards (Headobards) emerged from Scandinavia and were closely associated with the Angles who later conquered England. Ptolemy reported a people named "Levonii" in Scandinavia; these too appear to have had Levite connections and may have been part of the Lombards. Levi, however, like Simeon, seems to have achieved his natural expression more easily through partnership to Judah to whose kingdom (2-Chronicles 13; 9-11) many Levites fled.
THE TRIBE OF JUDAHMost of Judah became dominant amongst the Jewish people but some elements of Judah were also taken away by the Assyrians or in other ways became attached to the Ten Tribes. When the Patriarch Jacob was dying, concerning Judah he said: "Judah you are he whom thy brethren shall acknowledge the righteousness of: your hand shall be in the neck of your enemies; your father's children shall bow down to you" Genesis 49; 8. These words - "shall acknowledge the righteousness of" in Hebrew - are "Yoducha" and are translated in the King James Version as "shall praise", but in this case, our translation is the more literal one. The Hebrew expression "Yoducha" even connotes "own up" or "acknowledge the righteousness of after a disagreement"! The brothers of Judah will acknowledge his righteousness. Judah was not one of the Lost Tribes.
PEOPLES OF JUDAH
"The sons of Judah were Er and Onan, and Shelah. Tamar, his daughter-in-law, bare him Pharez and Zerah.
"The sons of Pharez were Hezron, and Hamul; the sons of Zerah were Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara (1 Chronicles 2; 3-6). "And afterwards Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub.
"And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead" (1 Chronicles 2; 21-22).
"And the sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and Zarah: but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez were Hezron and Hamul" Genesis 46; 12.
Yadi (Cilicia in northwest Syria), apparently became the Jutes of Denmark and southern England.
Yeda (in Scythia amongst the Nephtalite Huns)
Iutae (Bactria)
Jutes (Denmark)
Juthingi (Switzerland and Alsace)
JEWS (of Israel and of Diaspora),
Zarah - Zaratae (Scythia)
Hesron - Chassuari (Franks).
Hamul - Hamlyn (Frankish Germany); HAEMELE (Anglo-Saxon group).
Paretz (Pharetz); Frisi (Friesland in the northern Netherlands, and in Anglo-Saxon Britain); Parissi (Parissi of Gaul, Parissi of Celtic Britain in York area; Parsi (Parthians in Iran), Phiresi in Scandinavia (Paretz of Judah and Paresh of Menasseh intermixed and so the same identifications may hold for both groups).
Shayloni - Sali (Franks).
Carmi - (Carmania, Crimea, Carini).
Eitan - Eytan (an Irish ancestor in Irish Mythology)
Calcol - Calcol (an Irish ancestor according to Camden)
Calubi (Chalubi) - Chalybes of Scythian Caucasus and Calybes of Celtic Spain -both famed metallurgists.
Yair (Jair) - Iari of early Middle East and later Iari of Ireland and Scotland.
The Lemba people (Vhalemba) from Southern Africa claim to be descendants from a lost tribe which fled from what is now Yemen and journeyed south. DNA testing has genetically linked the Lemba with modern Jews. They have specific religious practices similar to those in Judaism and a tradition of being a migrant people with clues pointing to an origin in West Asia or North Africa. According to the oral history of the Lemba, their ancestors were Jews who came from a place called Sena several hundred years ago and settled in East Africa.
THE TRIBE OF REUBENJacob's prophecy over the descendants of is that, being descendants of the firstborn, they would be strong and of manly strength, and pre-eminent in dignity and power, but would eventually no longer excel or have the pre-eminence of the firstborn. The French, German and Scandinavian countries are prominent here, with the names of many of the great Vikings warriors originating from Reuben's and Dan's tribes. Archaeological finds from Mari on the central Euphrates report the existence of a group of Benjaminites together with elements of Reuben in the region. This shows that already in Biblical times a segment of Benjamin had broken away and gone northward. The association with Reuben was to be a recurring feature of Benjaminites in exile.
The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, Carmi (Carmania, Crimea, Carini)
THE PEOPLES OF REUBEN
Shemaiah (son of Joel)
Gog (Germany)
Shimei
Micah
Reaiah
Baal
Beerah, Baal's his son, whom Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria carried into captivity. He was leader of the Reubenites. Jeiel
Zechariah
Bela (Germany)
Azaz
Jacob's prophecy about the descendants of Simeon is that they would be scattered and assimilted into other tribes. Simeon assimilated in part amongst Judah. Simeon's name derivations have applied to many Celtic ethnic groups; they appear in Welsh and Irish Literature and in Irish Mythology. The French Brittany of France had cultural contacts with Wales and had been settled in part by Celts from Britain. The national color of Simeon in Rabbinical tradition (Num. Rab 2:7) was green, the same shade of green found is the national color of Ireland, which, along with white, forms the background of the Welsh flag. In both Ireland and Wales the Celtic element contains significant Simeonite influences.
"And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman" Genesis 46; 10.
Nemuel: the family of the Nemueli: of Jamin, the family of the Jamini: of Jachin the family of the Jachini.
"Of Zerah, the family of Zarhi: of Shaul, the family of the Shauli" Numbers 26; 12-13.
"And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go up with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went up with him" Judges 1; 3.
"And the second lot came forth to Simeon, for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah" Judges 19; 1.
Shimeon (Simeon)
Samnitae (Scythia)
Semnoni (Germany). The Semnones were a Germanic and specifically a Suevian people, who were settled between the Elbe and the Oder in the 1st century. In the 3rd century, the Semnones shifted southwards and eventually ended up as part of the Alamanni people.
Simuen (Ireland), Simeni (Wales), Semoni (east Celtic Britain), Samnites (Brittany Gaul). Clans of Simeon: ¨ Nemuel = Nemetae (Gaul).
The Samnites were ancient warlike tribes inhabiting the mountainous centre of southern Italy. They were a confederation of four tribes who lived in the mountains to the east of Campania and were the most powerful people in the area.
Nemetes (occasionally Nemeti) were a tribe settled along the Upper Rhine by Ariovistus in the 1st century BC..
Ohad = Headobards (Lombards migrated from Scandinavia to North Italy).
Yamin = Yom (Viking group), Ymbrin in Sweden. Ambri moved to Scandinavia and Belgium. The name Yamin is today primarily a female name of Hebrew origin that means Right Hand.
Yacin = Euci (Anglo-Saxon Germany), Eucae (Scythia east of Caspian Sea), Euchatae (Scythia), Iceni (Celtic Britain in "Semoni" region: "Iceni" - approximates to the Phoenician-Hebrew rendition of Yacin). Hecani (Anglo-Saxon group).
Zerah (Zohar) - Suiar (Holland).
Zarchi - Zaratae (Scythia).
Shaul - today, a boy's name is related to the Hebrew name Saul. The meaning of Shaul is "prayed for".
Silures, a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas.
Jacob's peophecy over Benjamin is that his descendants will be akin to "a vicious wolf, devouring the prey in the morning, and dividing the spoil at night". Many of Benjamin went with Judah and are to be found amongst the Jews, especially in the East European section of Ashkenazi (European) Jews. Nevertheless, a segment of Benjamin was also attached to the Lost Ten Tribes, particularly Reuben, and their appear in the Belgae, the Danes (descendants of the ancient Greek Danae) and the Normans (Norse - Norway; Normandy, France; Beglium; The Balkans). The Norman symbol, like Benjamin's, is said to have been a wolf and so too was the wolf a symbol of the Dacae amongst the Getae. Likewise, William the Conqueror, the most famous of Normans, bore a wolf on his standard.
THE CLANS OF BENJAMINArchaeological finds from Mari on the central Euphrates report the existence of a group of Benjaminites together with elements of Reuben in the region. This shows that already in Biblical times a segment of Benjamin had broken away and gone northward. The association with Reuben was to be a recurring feature of Benjaminites in exile.
Belah (Bela-g-h), Belagae, Belgium. The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Julius Caesar in his account of his wars in Gaul. Some peoples in southern Britain were also called Belgae and had apparently moved from the continent.
Becher - the name of two historic personalities of the Old Testament. See Becher of Ephraim; Becker.
Ashbel
Gera -
Ashbel is a boy's name with Hebrew origins. Meaning “fire of Bel”, this biblical name belonged to a son of Benjamin. Ashbel and Gera (a city in the German state of Thuringia) are similar to tribal names found in ancient Northern germany and Scandinavia but the association is not certain.
Naaman - according to the Bible, Naaman was a commander of the army of Syria. He was a good commander and was held in favor because of the victory that God brought him. The Namnetes were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the modern city of Nantes during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Ehi (Ahi).
Rosh - Russia, Rus (Viking tribes in Russia).
Muppim - son of Benjamin (Genesis 46:21), elsewhere called "Shuppim" (1 Chronicles 7:12,15; 26:16), "Shephupham" (Numbers 26:39), and "Shephuphan. The Menapii were a Belgic tribe dwelling near the North Sea, around present-day Cassel, during the Roman period. In the 2nd century AD, Greek geographer Ptolemy referred to Menapii as being from south-eastern Ireland mentioned.
Huppim - man who is mentioned with Moses and Aaron on the occasion of the battle with Amalek at Raphidim, ( Exodus 17:10 ) when with Aaron he stayed up the hands of Moses. ver. ( Exodus 17:12 ) (B.C. 1491). The Jewish tradition is that he was the husband of Miriam.
Heath (in Anglo-Saxon England).
Ard - Ardueni (Belgium).
Jacob's prophecy about the descendants of Issachar is that they would be as a strong-boned donkey crouching down between the sheepfolds living in a land where rest was good and that land was pleasant; but then he would have to bow his shoulder to bear a heavy burden and become subjected to forced labour. Issachar's descendants are believed to have travelled are far north-west as Finland. They appear to be most prominent in Central Europe, from Austria, Poland and the Unkraine to as far south as Serbia, Turkey and the states surrounding the Black Sea. Groups from Issachar were present amongst the Anglo-Saxons and and also with the Celtic-Galatian grouping in Finland and Switzerland. The Tribe of Issachar were destined to dominate Switzerland and a people named Seduni once dwelt in Celtic Switzerland (ca. Sion) which, together with all Switzerland in medieval times, was given the Israelite name of "Sidon".
"Of the sons Issachar after their families; of Tola, the family of the Tolai: of Pua, the family of the Puni. Of Jashub, the family of the Jashubi: of Shimron, the family of the Shimroni. "These are the families of the Issachar according to those that were numbered of them, threescore and four thousand and three hundred. Numbers 26; 15-18).
"And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron". Genesis 46; 13.
ISSACHAR = Assakar (Sagartoi - in Iran and Scythia), Sagaruce (Scythia), Sacaraukae (Scythia), Scirri (Galatians), Skirri (Gothic group)
Serica (East of Scythia).
Tola - Tollund (Denmark)
Puvah (ie. Puni) - Fenni (Ireland), Vannones (Switzerland), Peones (Swiss), Finni (Finland).
Job - Abii -Scythae (east Scythia), Abiis Maurunganie (Saxon group), Ubii (The Netherlands)
Jashub - (meaning "the remnant shall return") Suebi (Switzerland).
Shimroni - Asmirae (Scythia).
Yahmi (Yachmi) - Kym (Finland).
Yivsam (Jibsom; Gibson) an old Herbrew boy's name; Uusima (a region of Finland). Eastern Uusimaa had its first Christian Swedish colonialists earlier than the western part, which got its colonialists in one mass transfer of people to Porvoo in the 14th century.
Michael - Mikeli (Finland).
The clans of Ephraim travelled the furtherest of the Lost Tribes, with a large majority of them believed to have populated the British Isles (Anglo Saxons). They took their name from Abraham's son Isaac (Isaac's sons, shortened to Saxons). Jacob's prophecy over Ephraim was that his descendants would become greater than his brother Manasseh, and a group of Nations. Britain is comprised of a group of Nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) as well as having a Commonwealth of Nations. Ephraim was granted the birthright in the line of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
EPHRAIM is described as the "Aegel", Hebrew for bullock in Jeremiah 31:18; Aegloi, Aggiloi, Anglo (all names of Angles, ie English), Augali (north of Bactria), Aegloi (Bactria). John Bull, created by Dr. John Arbuthnot in 1712, and popularized first by British print makers and then overseas by illustrators and writers, is a name that represents the typical English gentleman. He is sometimes used to refer to the whole of the United Kingdom. This name is made up of the Anglicised version of Jacob (John) and the Hebrew representation of the Bull or Bullock (Ephraim) ie. John Bull - Jacob Ephraim.
THE CLANS OF EPHRAIM
Shutelach = Sittones (Scandinavia), Sceald (Ancestor of the Anglo Saxons), Skioldings (Denmark).
Eran - Eirne (Ireland, Scotland); Irin (Ireland Arran, Mannae in Caucasus); Arri; Hirri (Germany-Goths); Granni (Sweden); Garinae (east Scythia).
Becher - Bukhara (Bactria-Chorasmia), Boroctuari (invaders of Britain), Bogari (descendants of Ing of the Anglo-Saxons).
Tahan-Tahat (another name for Tahan?) = Teuton (Scandinavia), Teutarus (Scythian Representanive), Tencteri (Frankish groups). Tehuni (name for
Scythians, Thatagydes (combination of Thata-Teutons and Gydes-Goths in Afghanistan and Sogdiana).
Bered - Boradi (Gothic group), Bardi (Sweden), Bordigali (Bordeaux -city of southwest Gaul).
Beriah - Portions of the Brigantae (Britain and Celtic Europe), Burgundians (France), Varangians (Vikings and Khazars), Warings (amongst Anglo-Saxons).
Zebed - Cobad (Denmark).
The Bene Ephraim, also called Telugu Jews, are a small community from southern India that claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim. Persian Jews (especially the Bukharan Jews) claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim.
"And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God has caused me to forget [Hebrew: `Nashani'] all my troubles and my father's family (Genesis 41;50-51). The Hebrew word translated here as "forget" is derived from a root, "Noshe", connoting "movement from its proper place". A creditor in Hebrew is called a "Nosheh" since what is rightfully his he has moved out of his domain and placed in charge of another and may demand an accounting of his own. Nosheh also means "to be the bearer of a claim, to be a creditor". Before the foundation of the United States of America. North America was settled by migrants mainly from the British Isles, 80% of whom it has been said were descended from Menasseh (this has yet to be qualified). Friction developed between the British Government and the settlers who adopted the slogan: "No Taxation Without Representation". In other words, they demanded the application of those very principles embodied in the name Menasseh according to the above explanation.
When these demands were not met, Revolution resulted and all those ("Loyalists") who were not prepared to fight against the "mother country" were driven out and moved to Canada. The Americans were prepared to kill or be killed and to engage in fratricidal strife all for the sake of an ideal which in Hebrew could be termed "Menasseh". After the War of Independence, 13 colonies (representing 13 Tribes of Israel?) formed the USA. It was proposed and seriously considered to adopt Hebrew as the national language and the Mosaic Code as obligatory Constitutional Law. A picture of the Israelites crossing the Red Sea was suggested as the National emblem. The Constitution of the USA laid the basis for Responsible Representative Government now adopted almost universally.
Foreign observers are constantly surprised by the importance attached by Americans to their Constitution. Whether something is right or wrong or whether or not it is "Constitutional" appear to be synonymous considerations to the American mind, as if the principle embodied in the name "Menasseh" is part of their very personal being. Jacob's prophecy over Manasseh was that his descendants would be a great nation.
These could all explain the claim that the USA was founded and dominated by descendants of Menasseh. The names of Manasseh's descendants are predominent in Western Europe, particularly in Britain, as well as the United States. Those descendants are believed to have included the Picts of Scotland and many of the Saxon tribes of England.
JOSEPH - Yasubi, Yasubgalli (Zagros Mountains, east of Mesopotamia), Aspioi (Afghanistan), Ysufzi (Tribe of Joseph Afghanistan), Aspacarae (east of Caspian) Aspassi (Chorasmia, east of Caspian Sea), Usipetes (from Germany invaded Gaul at time of Caesar), Swaefi-Suabi from Germany to Holland and Switzerland), Suebi (equal Suabi), recalled by the same name in east Scythia.
Menasseh - Mannus (legendary ancestor of tribes in Germany who moved to Gaul and then Britain from Normandy).
Machir = Maracanda, Maruka, Amyrgioi (all east of Caspian Sea), Makran (southern Iran), Skati Marika (name given to Mercians, means
"Scyths-from-Maruka" east of the Caspian Sea), Mercia known on the continent as "Myringas", important element amongst Goths and Anglo-Saxons.
Marcomanni - German tribe that settled in the Main River valley soon after 100 bc; they were members of the Suebi group (see Suebi). To escape Roman aggression in 9 bc they migrated east to Bohemia, where under their king Maroboduus they built a powerful confederation of tribes.
America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer who set forth the then revolutionary concept that the lands that Christopher Columbus sailed to in 1492 were part of a separate continent. His christian name is believed to be derived from Machir, the son of Menasseh, which therefore may be understood as meaning "Land of Machir".
Gilead - Galatae (in Gaul), Galadi, Giladon (Wales).
Helek - Heleucones (Germany to Britain), Calucones, (Germany to the west).
Asriel - Isari (Emodian mountains in Scythia, legendary place of sojourn of the Angles, Saxons, and Frisians),. Aorsi (from west Scythia to Scandinavia), Surrey (Saxon England).
Schechem (Secem) - Scymbi (east Scythia), Sigambri-Sicambri (Afghanistan, Bactria, from Germany to Gaul).
Shemida - Soumboi Aggiloi (branch of Angles), Soumboi-Laggobardi (branch of Lombards), Samides (legendary ancestor of Gauls), Saemdag (Scandinavian Ancestral hero).
Hepher - Hefr (nickname for Gothic warrior), the family of the Helekites.
Haeferingas (Middle Saxons in England).
Jeezer (in Hebrew is pronounced like) Aiezer (Ai-g-azar) = Agathyrsi (became Khazars who converted to Judaism and Picts of Scotland).
Daughters of Zelophahad: Tirtsah (Thirtsah) = Thyrsagettae (name for Thysagettae of Scythia, migrated to Scandinavia).
Milcah = Melicertii in Scythian Caucasus - Basiloi (Royal =MLC root in name Milcah) of Khazars, Scandinavia, and Royal Scyths.
Hoglah
Noah = Neuri of Scythia to Scandinavia, Nervi of Celtic Gaul
Mahlah
Sheresh (Seres) = Seres in Serica (East Scythia).
Peresh (Peres) = Parissi (of Gaul and Britain),
Frissi (of Holland and England), Phiressi (Scandinavia), Parsi (Parthians from east of the Caspian and in Iran).
The name "Peresh" means "separated, sanctified" (cf. Pharisee) which is the same meaning as "Nemed" an ancestor in Irish mythology). When pronounced with a slightly different intonation the name also connotes horseman.
There was a prince of the Tribe of Manasseh - Gaddi, the son of Susi (Numbers 13;11). (Sus means horse in Hebrew) - Suessions (Gaul), Sassi.
Epher - Heartho-Raemes (Scandinavia).
Jeremiah - Heartho-Raemes (Scandinavia), Raumar (Norway).
Ishi - Hossi (Scythia, maybe part of Picts and Khazars).
Azriel (Gazriel) - Gazaria (name of "Khazaria").
Eliel - Hilleviones (Scandinavia), Elvaones (Vandals, Anglo-Saxons).
Hovadiah (pronouncable as Howadiah) = Eadwine (amongst Mercians of England and Lombards).
Mercia in Anglo-Saxon England comprised the largest realm. Mercia derives from Machir. Mercian clans in England included Magonsaete, Nox, Oht gaga, Henrica, Unecinga, Hwicce, Gifel, Spale, and Grywe. The Magonsaete have a name that in Hebrew could mean armor-bearers(Magon-Saeti). Other clans of Machir (1-Chronicles 7; 14-17) included Likhi and Aniam (=Unecinga of Mercia)., Shupim - Spale of Mercia; Chupim - Gifel of Mercia.
The Bnei Menashe (from northeast India) claim descent from the lost Tribe of Manasseh.
Jacob's prophecy about the descendants of Zebulun identified them as living along the coastline and being a haven and landing place for ships. The names of Zebulun are found found mainly in The Netherlands and also the coasts of in Denmark and Norway. Igbo Jews of Nigeria claim descent variously from the tribes of Ephraim, Menasseh, Levi, Zebulun and Gad. Zebulun's descendents had close links to the Phoenecians and often settled where they did. The coast of northern Gaul (France and Belgium) had been partly settled by groups of Phoenician culture and possibly Sidonians were amongst them since Sidon and Tyre were the major Phoenician cities.
"And the sons of Zebulon; Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel" (Genesis 46;14).
ZEBULON - Zabulistan (Afghanistan in Scythian times), Sabalingoi (Denmark, Holland).
Sered - Suardinoi (Sweden), Suardone, Suarini (Holland).
Elon - Alan (Scyths, Khazar Jews), Aland (Sweden, Finland), Halin (Norway),
Halland (Sweden), Holland (Netherlands).
Yahleel (Yachlayl) - Chali (Denmark and Holland).
Jacob's prophecy about the descendants of Ashar is that their food shall be rich and fat; and he shall yield and deliver royal delights. Asher migrated north to become the royal Scythians - horse riding arch-rulers of the steppes. They became the Cimmerians, the Tartars, and the Medes. They also became the Vandals who migrated to Germany and joined the remnants of the lost Tribe of Benjamin. From Germany they sacked and pillaged their way to north Africa. Here they joined the Phoenician cities with little bloodshed. They were called weak, but the truth was that they could not kill their close relations, the Phoenicans, who co-ruled from Tyre and from Egyptian Thebes. The Vandals invaded Britain along with the Saxons. Those who didn't invade and assimilate into Britain stayed on in Scandinavia, where, as legends state, the stunning beauty of the blonde-haired blue-eyed Asherite women can still be attested to.
The sons of Asher; Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah.
THE PEOPLES OF ASHER
Heber, Malchiel, Birzaith, Japhlet, Shomer, sister Shua, Pasach, Bimhal, Ashvath, Ahi, Rohgah, Jehubbah, Zophah, Imna, Shelesh, Amal, Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri, Imrah, Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Jithran, Beera, Jephunneh, Pispah, Ara, Ulla, Arah, Haniel, Rizia.
Aram - Armenian (derived from Arameans)[ an Aramaic and Persian personal name.
Hotham - village in Yorkshire, England.
Heber - Hebrews. The Islamic prophet Hud (`Abir), mentioned in the Qur'an as Iram, was also called Heber.
In Japan, there are those who claim that the Mikado, the Japanese emperor, is a descendant of the Hebrew tribe of Gad. 'Mikado' recalls the Hebrew word for 'his majesty the king,' 'Malchuto'. This are among the thousands of words and names of places with no real etymological meaning in Japanese, all of which correspond with Hebrew words. Even the Kings have similar names. The first known king of Japan, who was named Osee, ruled around 730 BC. This king has been identified with the last king of Israel, Hoshea, who died around the time of the Assyrian exile of the ten lost tribes. The holy Japanese shinto temple strongly recalls the ancient holy Isrealite temple, which housed a holy of holies section and several gates. Several artifacts in Japan have been traced to Assyrian and Jewish sources, among them, a well in Koryugi with the words "well of Israel" inscribed on its side.
It has also been suggested that the carts of Otsu and Kyoto are of ancient biblical origin, as they are different from any others in Japan. Might the ancient Israelites and their wives and children have been conveyed to Japan in these carts? Among the Samurai sect, there is a tradition that their ancient ancestors came to Japan from western Asia around 660 BC.The name 'Samurai' recalls 'Samaria'.
The missionary Torrance, who visited Cheng-du in China in the early part of the 20th century, insisted that the Chiang-Min strongly resemble the Israelite branch of the Semitic race. He observed that several of their customs were reminiscent of ancient Israelite tradition. Said Torrance: "The plough the Chiang use is similar to the ancient Israelite plough and is drawn by two oxen, never by an ox and an ass. This in accordance with the Biblical stipulation: 'You shall not plough with an ox and ass together.'" The Chaing-Min believe in one God. During "times of calamity or acute distress," writes Torrance, "they issue a moan or cry which sounds like 'Yawei', suggestive of the biblical name of God. The Scottish missionary also claims that the Chinese conception of Sacrifice came from the ancient Israelites.
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