Much care and research has been taken to keep the dates and incidents recorded on these pages to be as accurate as possible. The information herein comes from the records of a wide range of Chroniclers , historians secular and religious, writers.

 

14-37 Emperor Tiberius

18 - Capadocia becomes a Roman province.

26-36 Pontius Pilot a Roman prefect.

c.32-34 - The crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.

c.32-34 - The coming of the Holy Spirit upon the church at Pentecost

c.34-36 - The stoning of Stephen the deacon at Jerusalem.

37 - The conversion of Saul of Tarsus on the Damascus road.

38 - Persecution of the Jews in Alexandria.

41 - Apostle Paul's first missionary journey.

44 - James, son of Zebedee killed in Jerusalem by the sword Herod Agrippa I.

The First Apostolic Leadership Meeting

49 - The Apostolic church meeting at Jerusalem, dealing with the necessary things for the Gentile church.

49-62 Apostle Paul's epistles to the churches.

54 - Apostle Philip stoned to death at Hierapolis.

54-68 Nero Roman Emperor (Nero Claudius Caesar 37-68)

60 - Apostle Paul goes to Rome to appear before Caesar.

63 - James the Lord's brother cast down from the temple, then stoned to death by the high priest Ananias at Jerusalem. Simeon, son of Cleopas succeeds James as head of the church at Jerusalem.

64 - John (Mark) died being dragged to the stake at Alexandria.

64 - 1st wave of persecution under Emperor Nero (64-68) who set fire to Rome in July and persecuted the Christians for it.

64 - Barnabas burned alive outside the city of Salamina in Cyprus.

66 - The Alexandrian Jews revolt, Tiberius Alexander the Roman prefect in Egypt massacres several thousand Jews.

66-67 Nero tours Greece, assigns Vespasian and his son to restore order in Palestine.

68 - Nero commits suicide in June.

69 - Apostle Paul was beheaded at Rome.

70 - The fall of Jerusalem and destroyed by the army of Titus.

70 - 90 The Apostolic epistles to the churches.

70 - Apostle Andrew died by hanging at Patras in Archaia.

70 - The martyrdoms of Bartholomew, Apostle Thomas, Matthew and Simon Zealotes, Judas Thaddeus and Mattias.

78 - Apostle Peter died a martyr but NO RECORD he was ever in Rome.

79 - Eruption of Vesuvius, five miles southeast of Naples took the life of Pliny the writer of the encyclopedia of natural history, in the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

81 - Titus Flavius Domitian becomes the first Roman emperor to assume divine honors while he is still alive.

93 - 2nd wave of persecution under Roman Emperor Domitian (91-96) who persecutes the Christians in Rome and in Asia.

93 - Luke (Syrian born Jew, evangelist) was hanged in Greece.

95 - Antipas the faithful witness of Jesus Christ was burned at Pergamos in a red hot brazen ox.

96 - Domitian murdered in September of that year, he was replaced on the throne by Nerva who ruled only two years. Nerva relaxed the persecution against the Christians.

97 - Apostle John banished to Patmos, he writes his letters to the seven churches in Asia and writes his epistles to the church. After two years on Patmos he was released.

98 - Timothy (evangelist) stoned to death by the heathen at Ephesus.

98 - Nerva dies and Trajan ascends the royal throne as emperor.

100 - Apostle John died in Ephesus, age 80. He was the last of the 12 apostles to die.

100-65 Justin Martyr: Samarian Christian apologist and martyr.

102 - 3rd wave of persecution under emperor TRAJAN (89-117)

107 - Ignatius writes his epistles to the churches.

108 - Polycarp writes his epistle to the Philipians.

110 - The Ethiopian Eunuch of Candace was slain on the isle of Caprobano Celon.

111 - Ignatius a disciple of John devoured by wild beasts at Rome.

112 - Pliny the younger writes concerning Trajan.

115 - The Jewish revolt in Mesopotamia, Cyrenaica, Egypt & Cyprus

117 - Hadrian succeeds Trajan as emperor.

124 - Hadrian's decree to Minucius Fundus, governor of Asia, in dealing with Christians.

132 - The second Jewish war.

138 - Antoninus PIUS, Roman emperor 138-61, responsible for the construction of the Antonine wall in Britain from the Forth to the Clyde. A line of the popes Pius's styled themselves after this emperor.

133-60 The Activities of Valentinus and Basilides at Alexandria.

144 - Marcion declared a heretics and expelled from Rome. 150 - Valentinus in Rome.

150 - 213: Clement of Alexandria; the Logos theologian, the teacher of Origen. Clement was a witness to the completion of the new testament canon of scripture. Clement insisted the Logos emanating from the mind of God was the teacher and standard for Christians.

150 - Justin Martyr a native of Samaria writes his famous apology in defense of Christianity.

155 - Polycarp contends with the Roman Bishop Anicetus over the heathen custom of Easter.

161 - 4th wave of persecution after the death of Antonius Pius; Marcus Aurelius becomes Roman emperor (161-180).

165 - Justin Martyr was executed at Rome.

165 - Polycarp martyred at Smyrna then burned.

166-75 Germanic barbarian tribes spurred by a dispute between the emperor and the Quadic king threatens Rome by a series of attacks.

168 - Polycarp bishop of Smyrna and disciple of John was put to death by fire and sword.

172 - An outpouring of the Holy Spirit in Pergia, the Montanist revival breaks out.

175-7 Martyrdoms spread in Asia Minor, Melito of Sardis writes his apology denouncing the validity of backslidden preachers in baptizing Christians.

The Birth Of Catholic Religion

177 - The first major division in the church came when the ruling majority identified themselves as Catholics, the minority were called heretics, narrow and Cathar. The carnal church expelled the Spirit filled Christians and quenched the manifestations of the Holy Spirit in the days of Montanus.

177 - Athenegoras of Athens writes his apology defends Christians as they refrain from banquetings, incest and pagan rites.

177 - Persecutions and martyrdoms of Christians at Lyons in August that year.

178 - Celsus in his apology against the Christians declared this new religion was only espoused by the poor and ignorant, the dejected and the outcasts of society.

178 - Irenaeus becomes bishop of Lyons.

180 - The founding of the Bible school at Alexandria by Pantaenus.

180 - Martyrdom of the Scillitans in North Africa. The first appearance of a Christian Church in North Africa.

183 - Apollonius was executed at Rome.

185 - 254 Origen perpetrator of the Eternal Son theology. "The Logos As Son eternally Begotten of the will of the Father, is a numerically distinct substance or hypostasis".

185 - Irenaeus writes five books on Heresy, some of these books have the sad fate of catholic doctrine injected in it pages when they were translated to Latin the only extant copies.

186 - The birth of Origen

189 - Demetrius was bishop of Alexandria for forty three years.

190 - Serapion, bishop of Antioch.

192 - Murder of Comodus in December 31st.

193 - 5th wave of persecution under emperor Septimus Servus (193-211).

190 - 200 Clement of Alexandria. 195 - The Easter controversy revived in Rome a second time.

197 - Tertullian writes his first apology against heretics, against worldly Christians and against the sovereignty of the bishop of Rome.

200-10 The Monarchian controversies in Rome came from Asia Minor Syria and Egypt. Monarchians taught One indivisible God as father, as son and as Holy Ghost.

202-3 Persecution intensified against the Christians Leonides martyred at Alexandria. Perpetua a young Christian mother of royal blood and her maid Felicitas both filled with the Holy Ghost were martyred at Carthage in the province of Moritania.

202 - Origen becomes head of the bible school at Alexandria.

207 - Tertullian gets his baptism in the Holy Ghost and joins forces with the Montanists, from then on his doctrines changed.

210 - Irenaeus tortured and beheaded in the city of Lyons.

212 - The Constitutio Antoniniana bestowed Roman citizenship on nearly all the free men in his empire.

213 - Tertullian writes his famous apology against Praxeas, "You have crucified the Father and put the Holy Spirit to flight"

215 - The salon of Julia Domna the wife of emperor Septimus Servus revived the religions of the eastern cults in opposition to Christianity.

217 - Hippolytus the bishop of Rome contends with Tertullian.

218 - Origen ministers in Rome.

222-35 The reign of Alexander Servus(Marcus Aurelius)208-235 he was Roman emperor for 13 years a period of security and relax of persecution for the church, he was murdered in a mutiny on the Rhine along with his mother Julia Mammaea.

220-09 Origen begins his work on the famous Hexapla and a commentary on the gospel of John.

229-31 Origen leaves Alexandria but is later exiled to Caesarea.

232 - Origen on request of Julia Mammaea went to Antioch to expound to her more fully his faith in Christ.

232 - The construction of a Christian church at Dura Europos on the Euphrates, the main road between Antioch and Cetesiphon where a portion of the gospels in the Greek text was excavated in the twentieth century and the remains of a church was found there with Greek inscriptions found on it's walls.

235 - The revolution by Maximin Thrax overthrows Severan dynasty.

235 - Persecution against the Christians pastors causes Origen to write an epistle exhorting and preparing Christians for martyrdom.

237 - 6th persecution by Maximin I (173-238) became emperor (235-38)

238-49 The reigns of Gordians and Philip (Marcus Julius Philippus) Roman emperor 244-49 gave the church another short period of peace. The millennium of Rome's foundation 248 was celebrated during his reign.

242 - Mani begins his preaching in Persia.

243 - Gregory an Armenian Royal converted to Christ while visiting Cappadocia and Pontus the area evangelized by Apostle Peter returned in the power of the Holy Ghost and was responsible for the conversion of Armenia and it's king Tiridates.

245 - Conversion of Cyprian of Carthage.

247 - Secular games celebrate 1,000 years of Rome.

248 - Anti Christian riot in Alexandria.

249 - 7th wave of persecution emperor Decius (249-51) (Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus)(201-51)violent persecutor of Christians.

249-50 A general persecution of Christians.

251 - Cyprian's `De Unitate Ecclesiae' the unity of the church against the Novatians in Rome, holds a council in Carthage in April to deal with the backsliders (lapsed). Decius dies that same year in battle with the Goths.

251-53 Gallus successor to Decius reigns in his stead.

252 - A synod at Carthage recommended the baptism of new born babies.

254 - Origen dies at Tyre shortly after his release from prison.

255-6 Controversy over Baptism in Carthage, Cyprian holds his seventh council on September 1st, 256.

257 - 8th persecution of Christians by emperor Valerian (253-60) he took the lives of Cyprian of Carthage and Xystus of Rome.

259-64 Dionysius of Alexandria converts Chiliasts and Sabellians. Controversy between Dionysius of Rome and Dionysius of Alexandria.

260 - Capture and death of Valerian by the Persians.

260-61 Gallien son of Valerian shows toleration for Christians. Christians may now own property.

268 - Condemnation of Paul of Samosata.

270-5 9th wave of persecution under emperor Aurelius (270-275) he comes to power and restores the Roman boundaries of the empire, he builds the Aurelian wall.

270-300 Christianity is firmly established in Egypt, Syria and North Africa.

273 - Aurelian (214-275)(Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) Roman emperor (270-5) fixed the birth of Christ to Dec. 25, to replace the winter-solstice festival of the Sun god Mithra.

284 - Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus 245-313 come to power as Augustus, September 17th. He shared his power with Maximian (286-305)and 293 further subdivided his power with Galerius and Constantius, Caesars.

296-7 Galerius campaigns in Persia.

298 - The beginning of suppressing Christians.

302 - 10th wave of persecution under emperor Diocletian (284-304) The most cruel persecution of Christians since the beginning.

303 - February 23 the great persecution of Christians begins.

304 - A fourth edict of persecution against the Christians.

305 - Diocletian and Maximian abdicate, 1st May - persecution in the west recedes.

309 - The council of Elvira in Spain a synod of Spanish bishops gathered to impose celibacy upon the clergy. Canon XXXIII 311 - Donatus a puritan teacher engaged in cleansing worldliness that was creeping into the church. He was denounced at the council of Nice for being too narrow minded and unwilling to compromise with the state.

311 - The death of Galerius on 5th May.

312 - Constantine's victory at the Milvian bridge, on 28th October.

313 - The Edict of Milan in February was proclaimed by Licinius on June 13th in Nicomedia. (An Edict of toleration of Christians)

313 - Constantine taking upon himself the title of PONTIFEX MAXIMUS uniting church and state gets involved in the dispute between Caecilian and Donatus. He established a religious hierarchy dividing the power between, Constantinople, Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria.

314 - The Synod of Arles, was convened by emperor Constantine on August 1st to settle the dispute between bishop Donatus of Carthage and Caecilian over the leadership in the churches concerning those who had renounced their faith in Christ in order to escape persecution, the Donatists were condemned.

315 - The sign of the cross was introduced in the church of Rome.

316 - Caecilian pleading his cause to emperor Constantine for the reinstating of the backslidden Christian to their former bishoprics, he won his case against the Donatists.

316 - 399 Martin of Tours; a French soldier converted to Christ was the first founder of the first monastery in France.

319 - The Arian controversy comes to the surface.

320 - Candles introduced in Christian worship services.

324 - Constantine defeats Licinius at Chrysopolis on September 18 and is now the single ruler of the Roman empire.

325 - The Council of Nicea held in June and July. This council was held to establish the source of the Son of God. The issue of the Holy Ghost as a third person of a Holy Trinity was not settled at this Nicea council. The initial Nicene creed declared Jesus Christ to be the Eternal Son, cosubstantial with the Father, creator of heaven and earth, begotten and not made. The second major issue settled was that Easter would no longer be kept on the same day as the Jewish Passover. (Nisan 14) Arius classified as a heretic and persecution against the Christian churches established by bishop Donatus.

326 - Helena the mother of Constantine returns to Constantinople with a piece of wood purported to be the cross of Christ that she found in Jerusalem. Bishop Cyrilo of Jerusalem had a commemoration service in AD 348 to authenticate this special relic.

326 - The judicial murders of Crispus and Fausta.

328 - Athanasius becomes bishop of Alexandria.

330 - Constantinople becomes the second capital of the Roman empire.

335 - The council of Tyre in August that year condemns Athanasius.

335 - Council of Jerusalem in September exiles Athanasius to Trier

337 - Death of Constantine on May 22nd.

339 - Death of Eusebius of Caesarea.

340 - Ambrose; bishop of Milan, taught justification by faith, the fallen nature of Adam was reproduced in his descendants, and scripture was the only rule of faith.

340 - Constans defeats Constantine II to become sole emperor of the Roman empire.

341 - The dedication council of Antioch.

342-3 The Council of Serdica.

346 - Death of Pachomius, and Athanasius returns from exile the second time.

350 - 432 Ninian: a Welsh-man born on the solway Firth near the west end of Hadrian's wall had Royal blood in his veins. After his conversion Ninian set out to evangelize the Picts on the south side of the mountain range. His monumental stone church was on a hill at Whitehorn in Galloway.

350-3 Civil war breaks out and Constantine II again becomes sole ruler of the empire.

350-70 The worship of angels introduced by Basil of Caesarea.

354 - Augustine declared baptism and the holy Eucharist essential for salvation and no salvation available outside the universal church

355 - The death of Donatus.

356 - The death of Anthony of Egypt (251-356) A Christian hermit in the deserts of Egypt, he is regarded as the father of monasticism.

357-9 At the councils of Sirmium the Anti Nicean Bishops assembled to attempt to formulate a creed using scripture terms for the creed, but failed. They rejected the term OUSIA as being unscriptural.

359-60 The councils of Ariminum/Seleucia. Here the semi Arians rejected the terms ousia and hypostasis (person) as a term to define the relation between the Father and the Son.

360 - 420 Pelagius: In AD 400 Pelagius saw the corruption of the papacy in Rome and rebuked the immoral sins of the clergy who claimed to be the pre-destined elect that would escape Eternal judgment regardless of what their flesh did not to overlook the confusion of souls. Pelegius was condemned as a heretic at the second synod of Carthage AD 417 by pope Innocent 1st He was accused of teaching false doctrines he never preached.

361-3 Reign of Julian. Return of Athanasius from exile. The Donatists flourish in evangelizing Africa for Christ.

364 - Valentinian I elected emperor of the western Roman empire and Valens becomes emperor of the eastern leg of the iron empire.

366-84 Damasus of Spain becomes bishop of Rome.

370 - Basil becomes bishop of Neo-Caesara (dies in 379)

373 - Death of Athanasius. Dec 7th Ambrose becomes bishop of Milan.

375 - The Apollinarian controversy comes to the surface.

375 - The celebration of the Eucharist first took the official title of the mass by the efforts of Ambrose of Milan.

378 - The battle of Adrianople, Valens dies on August 9th.

379 - In January Theodosius I `the great'(346-395 was made Roman emperor of the eastern leg by Flavius Gratianus son of Valentian I. He established Roman Catholicism as the official state religion in 380 and called the council of Constantinople 381. His death made the division of the Roman empire east and west permanent. Arcadus inheriting the east, Honorius the west.

380 - The edict of Emperor Theodosius condemning Arianism February 28th. The council of Saragossa condemns Priscillian.

380 - Emperor Theodosius introduces images and relics into the church and the use of force to make converts to the Roman catholic church.

381 - The second ecumenical council in Constantinople was held in the summer to clarify the Nicene formula. Now the Son of God was not only of the same substance as the Father but he was a distinct and separate person (Hypostasis) from the Father. The Son proceeds from the Father by generation (Begotten) but the Holy Spirit proceeded from the father by spiration (like a whirlwind.) The council of Aquileia in September. The condemnation of the Arians in the west. 383 - Death of Ulfilas, the evangelizer of the Goths.

384 - Altar of victory controversy.

384 - The word PATER PATRUM was first used by bishop Siricius who called himself the Father of fathers, by abbreviation, PaPa - pope.

385 - Jerome leaves Italy for Bethlehem.

386-7 Conversion and baptism of Augustine at Milan.

388 - Civil war Theodosius overcomes Magnus Maximus on July 28th.

389 - 461 Patrick: Originally called Succat was born at Banavem Taberniae. He was the son of Calpurnius and Concessa second generation Christians. Patrick, like the prodigal son was sold as a slave where he fed pigs for seven years. By divine revelation he escaped was converted and returned to the land of his captivity where he evangelized Ireland.

390 - The massacre of Thesolonica some 7000 men women and children were killed because of unrestrained religious fervor. Ambrose intervenes by writing to Theodosius to consider Julian's deeds

391 - Death of Parmenian a Donatist bishop of Carthage.

391 - Theodosius by edict establishes Christianity the official religion of the empire.

392 - Theodosius's edict an anti-heretical law gave the church of Rome the backing it needed to begin to outlaw heretics and pagans alike.

395 - Death of Theodosius on January 17th. Arcadius becomes emperor in the east, Honorius emperor of the west. Augustine becomes bishop of Hippo.

398-407 Augustine writes his confessions.

397 - The council of Carthage agreed that the book of Revelation should be added to the New testament cannon of Scripture.

397 - Death of Ambrose on April 6th.

398 - Gildo's revolt in Africa is crushed in July. John Chrysostom becomes bishop of Constantinople on February 26th.

399 - Augustine was instrumental in directing the civil power in the formulating of edicts legislating against heretics (Donatists) and depriving them of a legacy, saying a heretic could not benefit under a will.

403 - The Catholic Augustine made an appeal to the imperial court at Ravena for the enforcement of anti-heretical laws against the Donatists.

403-4 Theophilus of Alexandria intervenes in Constantinople. The council of the Oaks. The exile of John Chrysostom on June 20th.

405 - Augustine succeeded in putting pressure on the imperial court to enforce the edicts of Unity with the Catholic church under pain of death. This began the martyrdom of the Donatist Christians.

408 - Death of Arcadius on May 1st Theodosius II becomes emperor in the east. Stilicho, Honorius's chief minister was murdered.

410 - The sack of Rome by Alaric the Goth on August 24th.

411 - The synod of Carthage of May - June condemned the Donatists, Pelagius and Celestius who campaigned in North Africa. Augustine starts writing his treatise on `The City of God.'

413 - Augustine writes `The Spirit and the letter' The Pelagian controversy comes to the surface.

415 - The council of Jerusalem. Augustine writes on `The Trinity.'

416 - Infant baptism becomes a dogma of the church of Rome.

417-18 Bishop Innocent I and bishop Damasus were both responsible for introducing the idea of apostolic succession to Apostle Peter, but Leo I, also called Leo The Great made the teaching real.

418-19 The council at Carthage condemned Pelagius.

418 - The Visogoths occupy Aquitaine.

422 - Pope Celestine I, the first to apply to himself the title of PAPA an abbreviation of `PATER PATRUM' (Father of fathers).

423 - Honorius dies on August 15th is succeeded by Valentinian III.

426-9 Battle between Count Boniface and Aetius. Boniface calls the Vandals to help him.

428 - Nestorius elected Patriarch of Constantinople on April 10th.

429 - The Vandals invade Africa in May.

430 - The death of Augustine August 28th during the siege of Hippo.

431 - The council of Ephesus. Nestorius was deposed because he favored the thought that Mary was only the mother of Jesus and not the mother of God. The primacy of the bishop of Constantinople over the bishop of Alexandria was settled at this council. The question of who Mary was the mother of, was unresolved at this council.

432 - Patrick a third generation Christian sets out for the evangelizing of Ireland. Early Irish Christians were building on apostolic doctrine.

433 - The Union Formula between Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch.

439 - Carthage falls to the Vandals on October 19th.

440 - Leo becomes pope of Rome on September 29th.

444 - The death of Cyril, he is succeeded by Dioscoros.

448 - Eutyches the archimandrite was condemned at Constantinople.

449 - The second council of Ephesus, a phase of the Eutychian controversy held in August that year. It was denounced by Leo 1 bishop of Rome and called the "Synod of Robbers".

450 - The death of Theodosius II on July 28th, the `first' emperor crowned by the church, Marcian (450-457) new eastern emperor.

451 - The council of Chalcedon in October defined the nature of the body of Jesus Christ. (Incarnation) Dioscoros was condemned. The Monophysites schism intensifies. In the pope's absence at this council a papal document, a dogmatic letter called "The Tome" that Leo had sent to Flavian bishop of Constantinople in AD 449 was read before the council. After reading the Tome the council declared for the first time, that Peter was speaking through the pope. They concluded that although Constantinople was second in honor to Rome and that as Rome had authority over the west so Constantinople had divine jurisdiction and authority over the eastern leg of the empire.

451-3 The Huns invade Western Europe.

452 - Pope Leo I meets the aging and tired Atila the Hun near Milan and offered him a large tribute for his retreat.

453 - Atila the Hun dies a violent death by an unknown avenger.

455 - The sac of Rome, the city of Rome falls to Genseric the Vandal. The assassination of Valentinian III and Maximus becomes Roman emperor of the west. From 455 to 476 the western leg had nine emperors.

457 - Death of Marcian eastern emperor is succeeded by emperor Leo I Emperor Majorian succeeds Avitus in the west.

461 - The death of Pope Leo (the great). Death of emperor Majorian Severus becomes emperor in the west.

474 - Death of Emperor Leo I is succeeded by Leo II in the east, he dies that same year and Zeno becomes Emperor till 491.

476 - Odoacer (434-93) Chief of the Germanic Heruli barbarian tribe overthrew the emperor of the western Roman empire(476) and became king of the empire. He was later murdered by Theodoric king of the Ostrogoths. (476-526)

481 - Clovis, king of the Franks, Conquest of Gaul.

483 - In March of 483 the chief of the Heruli, now king of Italy appointed a priest to the pontifical chair of Peter, who became pope Felix III.

489 - The council of Toledo changed the divine revelation of Chalcedon Ad 451 with "The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and from the Son as from one substance." This hair splitting doctrine was the main argument used for the separation of the Greek and the Latin church.

492 - The chief Odoacer, king of Italy appoints an African to the papal chair in March 492, this pontiff was pope Gelasius I.

493 - 570: Gildas; British Christian and historian author of the Fall of Britain, a description of Christian Britain before Roman Catholicism came to the Isle and events during and after the Anglo-Saxon invasion.

493 - Theodoric `The great' king of the Ostrogoths had Odoacer murdered and took the title of King of Italy and controlled and ratified the election of four popes. In 498 pope Symmachus in 514 pope Hormidas, in 523 pope John I and pope Felix IV in 526.

494 - Gelasius I was 1st to take upon himself the title of Vicar of Christ.

498 _ Clovis baptized into the Roman catholic church.

500 - Conversions of the Burgundians to the Roman church.

500 - Liturgical uniforms introduced into the church

511 - Death of Clovis.

521 - 597: Columba an Irish Cruthne born at Gartan in the hills of Donegal was the son of Felim MacFergus the great grandson of king Naill. He was accused of copying a Psalter and convicted by Diarmid MacCerball. In his Irish temper he slew 3000 of Darmids soldiers and then exiled himself on the island of Iona. There he continued to make copies of the Psalter and the book of KELLS and the book of DURROW are still extant today. Columba evangelized the northern half of Scotland.

530 _ Amalasuntha the daughter of king Theodoric the great chose and elected the son of Sigibald the Goth to sit on the Vatican chair, he was pope Boniface II.

533 - The supremacy of Rome in ecclesiastical affairs was recognised by Justinian. Pope John II becomes the 56th pope of Rome, and the first to adopt a regnal name upon elevation to the papacy (his birth name, Mercurius, being of pagan origin). in 535 he elected pope Agapitus and in 536 put pope Silverius into the papal chair.

534 - Disappearance of the Burgundian Kingdom.

538 - The last of the Barbarian tribes were removed from Rome, allowing the Bishop of Rome to exercise his full power over the Roman Empire.

543 - 615 Columbanus was raised in Leinster and trained at the Christian school of Clonard. He became the spearhead of a Keltic wave of Perigrini sent into Europe to form Christian churches. They were persecuted because they rebuke the corruption and debauchery of the established churches.

553 - The second council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical council was called by Emperor Justinian (527-565). A council of eastern bishops to settle the three Nestorian documents. Pope Vigilius in 554 condemned the three chapters against his will while, under pressure from the emperor.

565 - Columba moves to Iona after being excommunicated by the Christian church.

568 - Lombards invade Italy.

570 - 632 Muhammad: The founder of Mohammedanism who claimed himself to be the last of the prophets of the one true god allah. Shortly after his death Islam was divided into two separate sects.

570 - Conversion of the Suevi to the Roman catholic church.

585 - A synod of French prelates asked that tithes be established as a means of raising funds, so Charlemagne established the system of tithing for the support of priests and bishops. Tithed was abolished in France on August 4th 1789 by king Louis XVI in the National Assembly.

589 - The conversion of the Visogoths to the Roman catholic church.

590 - Laurentius: Bishop of Milan refused to join forces with the church of Rome and preached justification by faith. Pressure from the papal legate forced his congregation and the Christians from Turin to recede with the Gospel message into the valleys of the Piedmontes Alps. This group of Christians later became known as the Vaudois or Waldenses.

591 - Pope Gregory I decreed that for church order to succeed in practice a hierarchical chain must be forged linking the head to the rest of the body. Thus the visible church with it's visible head connected by a chain of commands to it's bishops and priests could successfully govern the people, and bruising the Spirit in the children of light who are led by the Spirit of Truth and recognized by their fruits.

595 - Pope Gregory I equates church dogmas made in church councils to the scriptures. He declares the council of Nicea-325, the council of Constantinople-381, the council of Ephesus-431 and the council of Chalcedon-451 the four stones like the four gospels on which the faith of the Roman Catholic church arises.

597 - post of Archbishop of Canterbury, the Primate (senior clergyman) of the Church of England and symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, was established. The Diocese of Canterbury, England, covers the east of the County of Kent and extreme north-east Surrey. It is the oldest bishopric in the English church.

597 - The Roman catholic church sent its first delegation of bishops under Augustine to convert England to Roman doctrine.

600 - Latin became the official language of the church of Rome.

603 - The end of the Roman Senate as a ruling body in Rome.

607 - Pope Boniface III makes `POPE' an official title of the bishops of Rome.

610 - Pope Boniface IV consecrates Sancta Maria Rotondo and produces for the occasion a tooth from St Peter, some of St Basil's blood, some threads from the coat that Mary the mother of Jesus wore and some of St Denis' hair.

614 - Jerusalem is conquered by the Persians.

615 - Pope Boniface introduced a canonical set of rules for torturing heretics.

638 - Jerusalem taken by the Arabs.

642 - The official title of Pontifex Maximus given to the pope of Rome.

648 - Because of the theological debates dividing his empire the emperor Constans II in an attempt to make peace made an edict forbidding the discussions, sermons, writings or lecture by anyone on the subject of wills and operations in Christ. This edict was known as the "TYPOS"

649 - The sudden subtle council of Lateran was to impress on the minds of the religious world that the pope of Rome had the final say on church doctrine. Pope Martin I ascended the papal chair in July without the emperor's consent. Martin condemned all who believed in the one will in Christ as heretics including pope Honorius and the emperor and his edict, "The TYPOPS." The enraged emperor had the pope tried for treason stripped him of his royal purple, put him in a dungeon for 12 weeks then banished him to the wilderness of Crimea where he died Sept. 15 655.

650 - First official feast day set aside to honor Mary in that year.

653 - Constantine of Samosata was converted reading the Pauline epistles. Because of his fearlessness and openly preaching Christ he was first stoned to death then burned and his ashes scattered.

653 - The conversion of the Lombards to the Roman catholic church.

663 - The Synod of Whitby was an attempt to unit the Keltic Christians to the Roman Catholic church. A dispute over the Roman Easter celebration and the Keltic Apostolic teaching of the Passover. An serious attempt was made to subjugate Keltic bishops to the pope.

669 - The Roman catholic church sends its second delegation of bishops to England.

673 - The basic structure of the Church of England was in place by the time of the Synod of Hertford (673 AD) when the English bishops were for the first time able to act as one body under the leadership of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

681 - The third council of Constantinople, summoned by Constantine IV the son of Constans II, this was the 6th ecumenical council. The great theological battle was trying to decide if there were two wills in the Hypostatic Jesus. Substance of his mother a human will and substance of his Father a divine will ?? On September 11th at the seventeenth session 174 bishops signed the following creed; "We teach that in our Lord, Jesus Christ, there are two wills and two operations, indivisible, inconvertible and inseparable without any fusion, as the Holy Fathers have taught and the two wills are not contrary." This decree was in fact a reversal of what Pope Honorius 625-38 had written in a letter to Sergius the patriarch of Constantinople confirming that in Christ there was only one will but several operations of the one Holy Spirit.

691 - The Council in Trullo (of the dome) held in Constantinople was a continuation of the III council of Constantinople, this council was convened by emperor Justinian II which published 102 disciplinary church canons.

709 - Aldhelm bishop of Sherborn translated the Psalms into Anglo-Saxon and the English bards put the psalms into poetic form.

726 - The start of the Iconoclastic dispute.

740 - Emperor Leo III died and his Son Constantine V reigned in his stead, he was against the traffic of images, idols and relics. His letters to the pope of Rome condemning this traffic fell on deaf ears.

751 - Pope Boniface crowns Pepin the short emperor. The beginning of the Carolinians.

753 - A council held at the palace Hiera near Chalcedon for the purpose of condemning, images, relics and statues in the church. Some 335 bishops present agreed to clean and rid the church of relics, idols and images. AD 775 Constantine died and his five year old son Leo IV became heir to the throne but his mother empress Irene a devout Roman Catholic and lover of graven images ruled the empire.

756 - Pépin III "the Short" (714-68) the first Carolingian king of the Franks from 751-68. He was the son of Charles Martel. After reading the forged document called the "Donation of Constantine", after examining a few relics and his dubious ascension to the throne of France was sanctioned by the pope, Pepin defeats the Lombards and returns the city of Rome to the custody of pope Stephen III plus the keys to twenty more cities. This nucleus of land and cities, marks the beginning of papal states, called Peter's patrimony.

758 - Oricular confession introduced in the church of Rome.

774 - The destruction of the Lombard kingdom.

776 - 827: Claudius of Turin; a Spanish bishop wrote commentaries the bible opposed the cult of pictures, crosses and saint worship

780 - Empress Irene (780-802) reestablishes Catholicism in the east and puts images back in the churches.

787 - The second council of Nicea with empress Irene presiding over the assembly, the bishops make worship of saints official. Pope Adrian I anathematized every thing that had taken place in the palace of Hiera 753, according to the pope, "It is impossible for the Catholic church to fall into idolatry."

800 - On Christmas day pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne emperor, this marks the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire (the Western Roman Empire ceased to exist from the time the capital was moved from Rome to Constantinople in 330 A.D).

803 - Charlemagne conquers the Saxons and has a mass baptism for his soldiers into the Roman catholic religion.

814 - The death of Charlemagne and the Iconoclastic dispute was resumed ending in 842.

831 - 852 Paschasius Radbertus: A Frankish monk and theologian, abbot of Corbie published his Tome, "De Corpore et Sanguine Domini" (The body and Blood of the Lord) This publication was instrumental in investing the priests with added power to change bread and wine into flesh and blood by the words of consecration.

831 - 850 Ratramnus: The man to whom Radbertus dedicated his work "De Corpore et Sanguine Domini" Ratramnus denounced Radbertus' Tome on the grounds that the words of Christ "This is my body" were parabolic.

835 - All saints day established as a feast day in the church of Rome.

843 - The Treaty of Verdun. The three sons of Emperor Louis I divide up Charlemagne's empire. Louis II the German receives the Eastern part, Charles II (the bald) gets the Western part and Lothair I the central part plus the imperial crown.

846 - The sac of St Peters basilica by the Arabs.

850 - Holy water introduced in Catholic church worship.

869-70 The fourth general council of Constantinople was called to deal with church property. It was decreed the state has no jurisdiction over property given to the church, and temporal monarchs have no place in synods only in general councils. The unresolved issue of the Holy Ghost spiration continued to separate the eastern and the western church.

890 - Veneration of St Joseph introduced in the liturgy.

900 - Alfred an English priest wrote an English translation of the four gospels. It was written in English beneath the Latin lines.

910 - 969 Bogomil the great Bulgarian puritan preacher was responsible for evangelizing his country and a large part of France in his day.

919 - Accession of the House of Saxony; Henry the Fouler (919-36)

955 - Octavian at the age of sixteen was elected pope and took the name of John XII. He established the practice of popes choosing their own names, the name given him by his father to represent civil power after the traditions of the Caesars (Octavian) and one name to represent religious power (John XII).

978 - Purgatory becomes a dogma.

988 - Masses for the souls in purgatory introduced by Odilon of Cluny.

993 - Beginning of canonizing saints by pope John XV.

1010 - Destruction of the Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher.

1016 - Synod of Verdun-sur-Saone, institutes the oath of Peace.

1018 - 1022 For four years the two Evangelists from Orleans preached that Christ was received by faith, and sprinkling with water could not wash away the sins of the flesh, they were caught and burned.

1041 - The Council of Nice, institutes the Truce of God.

1048 - Barengarious of Tours: The first Christian teacher to openly denounce the doctrine of transubstantiation as an innovation and a departure from the original faith of the early Christians.

1059 - Pope Nicholas II first made cardinals papal electors. See more information in papal dictionary.

1059 - More study was made on the doctrine of transubstantiation

1074 - Gregory VII at the Lateran synod made the decree, "celibacy of the clergy must be strictly enforced."

1075 - During the Lateran synod Gregory forbade any clergy to receive a bishopric or church from secular lords, not even from the emperor or kings. No earthly tribunal could judge a pope and the decrees of popes were irreversible by secular lords because popes were infallible. Kissing the pope's feet was added as a sign of high office. That year emperor Henry IV declared the pope deposed.

1076 - Gregory VII excommunicated emperor Henry IV for meddling in church business. Henry then Emperor of Germany, stood bare foot clothed in sac-cloth at the castle door of Canosa for three days waiting for the pope to forgive him. This was the first gleam of papal supremacy over the kings of the earth

1079 Pope Gregory VII (Hilderbrand ) Issued a papal BULL, forbiding the Moravians and the Bohemians preachers from preaching the Gospel in their native tongues, and Latin was introduced

1088 - Pope Urban II (1088-99) granted Indulgences and remissions of all sins to all who went on the crusade to liberate the Holy sepulcher from the infidels and all who could not go but supported the project with their money obtained the same indulgences and remission of sins as those who went.

1090 - Rosary beads introduced for worship by Roman Catholics. The first part a prayer of devotion to Mary was "Hail Mary full of grace"

1096 - Hugo of St Victor a catholic theologian introduced sacraments as a visible form of receiving invisible grace from God.

1100 - 1155: Arnold of Brescia: A bold Italian Christian crying out against the church of Rome's political involvement; preached for ten years at the seat of the Vatican, in an attempt to rid the church of the money changers before he was seized and burned at the stake in that city.

1106 - 1145: Henry of Lausanne & Peter of Bruys: two independent evangelists traveling the areas of Dauphine, Provence and Languedoc in unannounced and sporadic bursts of evangelism were finally trapped, caught and burned at the stake for preaching Christ the only hope of Salvation.

1118 - The founding of the order of Knights Templar. These soldiers took the name from their first quarters near the temple mount in Jerusalem. They organized for the defense of the Christian sacred sites in Jerusalem. They became very rich and because they were soldiers the bankers used their service for moving money across the empire for a fee. They had several castles throughout the empire. At an appointed time pope Clement V and king Philip of France had them branded as heretic, burnt the grand master alive and divided the rich spoils.

1119 - The council of Toulouse was presided over by pope Calixtus II, the main purpose of this council was to pronounce a general excommunication upon all who held the same sentiments of the Albigenses and all of the Albigenses Christians, and to deliver them to the sword of the state to be punished, and to include in this, the same condemnation on all those who gave them protection or defense.

1123 - At the first General council of Lateran the marriages of the clergy that had previously been forbidden were declared not only unlawful but were also declared invalid. A special indulgence was given to all who assisted in the crusades.

1124 - Pope Honorius II sent his legate John de Crema to try to enforce celibacy on the remaining bishops and pastors of the Keltic church who had not yet recognized the supremacy of the pope.

1125 - Peter Lombard defined the seven sacraments for the church of Rome.

1139 - Second Lateran council under pope Innocent II pronounces excommunication on all civil powers who refuse to execute papal orders against all heretics and non conformists with the Roman catholic church. Canon 23 declared as heretic all who rejected transubstantiation, infant baptism and the celibacy of the priesthood. All who defended heretics were excommunicated with them. The laity was forbidden to attend mass held by married priests. Sons of married priests could become monks but could not be ordained.

1158-81 Pope Alexander III made a decree to confiscate the earthly goods of all the preachers of the gospel who were not Roman Catholics.

1163 The council of Tours under Alexander III stripped all heretics of their of their goods, and forbid under peril of excommunication any who helped them and left the heretics to perish without help from any one. LI>1165 - At the council of Lombers in Albi France the Roman Catholic church made it legal to confiscate and burn all the bibles and the evangelical teachings of the Albigenses and Vaudois.

1167 - Pope Alexander III at the third council of Lateran made the following decree affecting all earthly potentates giving their subjects immunities. "Oaths made against the interests and benefits of the Church are not so much to be considered as Oaths, but as perjuries."

1170 - 1221 Domingo de Guzman son of Joanna of Aza and Felix Guzman, known as Dominic, the founder of the Dominicans, was born in Arragon in Castile and died in Bolonga. The Dominicans were commissioned by the papacy to operate and fabricate the destructive Inquisition machinery.

1170 - Thomas A Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury was assassinated by Hugh de Morville and three other knights.

1172 - Synod of Cashel the archbishop of Armagh surrendered the now backslidden Keltic Christians to the supremacy of the pope and the creeds and dogmas of the Roman Catholic church.

1177 - Pope Alexander III deposed emperor Frederic Barbarossa.

1179 - The third general council of Lateran: Pope Alexander opened this council in March before 300 bishops to settle the election of a second reigning Innocent pope. This pope commanded the Princes of the land to make war against he heretics, to take their possessions for a spoil, to reduce heretics to slavery, and withhold from them christian burial. All who sheltered the Albigensian Christians were excommunicated. Bishops and archbishops were to reduce the size of their entourage and reduce their banquetings. Pope Alexander III encouraged all Roman Catholics to take up arms against all professing Christians who were non Catholics.

1182 - 1226 Francis of Assisi son of a rich merchant, was born at Assisi in Umbria. Was the founders of the Franciscan orders and assistant to the Dominicans in the tortures of the Inquisition.

1187 to 1191 (reigned 4 yrs) Pope Celestine III acclaims himself Vicar of Christ on earth and adds to his spiritual powers supremacy over earthly kings in temporal powers. He now holds a two edged sword.

Innocent III (Born 1161) made Pope Jan /8 -1198 to Jan 16 - 1216 realized and tasted the glory of the third rung of his tripple crown when he re-affirmed Supreme power over all the kings of the earth. Rome once again ruled the world, and kings were her vassals. Innocent appointed all bishops, and exommunicated all who resisted his pontifical will. Innocent III declared that the pontifical authority so much exceeded the royal power as the sun exceeded doth exceed the moon in glory, This woman now in full control of world powers, added the final blow through Pope Boniface VIII (1294 - 1303 )in his Papal bull "UNAM SANCTAM" ( The ONE HOLY ) decreed thet it was nescessary for Salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff" One Sword, says the Pope, "Must be under another, that is the temporal power, must be subject to the Spiritual authority."

1200 - The round wafer replaces unleaven bread at the Eucharist.

The Papal Army

1209 - The Papal army which now numbered over 300,000 ready to execute all non Roman Catholic Christians.

King John of England surrenders all of England and Ireland tp pope Innocent III and to his successor and agrees to become to govern these territories as feudal land for the papacy, this the king crowned his words by casting his royal crown at the feet of Pandolf the papal legate. To show supremacy the papal legate kicked the kings crown into the dust with is feet, then picked it up placed it once again on John's head and lifter the papal interdict against the king of England.

1215 - ( June 15th )Magna Carta: (The Great Charter) A set of concessions extracted from king John of England by a group of churchmen, townsmen and some feudal nobility. Article number one took the election of bishops in England out of the hands of British royalty. When king John signed the Magna Charta at Runnymede a document which revoked all of the concession that King John had surrendered to pope Innocent and his successors meant that John now revoked his vow and took back his kingdom.

1215 - The fourth general council of Lateran was opened before over 400 bishops by pope Innocent III, a pope that could boast of having issued over 6000 bulls during his reign. Present at this council were the kings of; France, Germany, Aragon, England, Portugal, Italy and ambassadors from Jerusalem and Constantinople. All the creeds and dogmas of the Catholic church were rehearsed before these temporal lords in preparation of mass extermination so all non Roman Catholic evangelicals. The papal bulls for the extermination of heretics up till now had fallen on deaf ears. It was expedient for pope Innocent to make transubstantiation an official dogma of the Roman catholic church in his effort to destroy the Albigensians. Canon laws were put in place to determine the method of extirpating all heretics from the land. Only consecrated priests were had the power to change the bread and the wine into the body and blood of Christ. Baptism was to be administered to infant children. Jews were forbidden to hold positions above Catholics and had to wear special identification so Catholics could not accidentally marry a Jew.

1216 - Pope Honorius III reinforced previous cannon laws on the methods of torture and drafted a plan for the extermination of all non Roman catholic Christians from off the face of the earth. This cannon law of extermination was imposed on all Roman Catholics under the threat of excommunication.

1227 - July 18th Pope Gregory IX while seated on his pontifical chair in 1231 pronounces "Death by fire for all non Roman catholic Christians and all non repentant heretics." Conrad of Marburg was the first Roman catholic priest to execute this papal bull. The work of destroying Christians by fire was later delegated to the civil authorities. Bishops were given special power to put an entire city under oath to divulge all who were non conformists with the Roman Catholic church.

1220 - Worship of the consecrated communion wafer introduced in the church.

1233 - Pope Gregory IX declared the Dominicans and the Franciscans his "Official Arm" of the Inquisition.

1239 - Baldwin II presents the crown of thorns to King Louis of France, it was later removed and placed in the cathedral of Notre Dame for safe keeping.

1243 - The council of Narbonne was convened to frame the official methods of inquisitional procedures. These procedures were drafted into Roman catholic canon law and remains Roman catholic law to this day. Read the papal bull of Innocent? IV sent to the Dominicans and Franciscans.

1245 - The first general council of Lyons. The lawyer pope Innocent IV called this council to depose emperor Frederic II, who had been crowned emperor by pope Honorius III in AD 1220. Frederic's mistake was trying to separate church and state. The emperor was declared a heretic for refusing to recognize the temporal powers of the pope.

1274 - The second general council of Lyons was convened by pope Gregory X for the purpose of reuniting the eastern church and bring it under under papal control. The emperor Michael who had just recaptured Constantinople and in need of a military alliance against the Saracens agreed to meet with the pope on neutral grounds to discuss church reunification. Along with the invitation Gregory sent a complete written declaration of the Roman catholic faith that had previously been drafted by the legal minded pope Clement IV. The religiously naive Michael signed the Roman creed and supported a delegation of bishops and patriarchs to Lyons. With this council came a NEW LAW: Because the papal election took eighteen months in 1243 to elect Innocent IV and three years in 1265 to elect pope Clement IV, pope Gregory X at the second council of Lyons issued his bull "Ubi Periculumn" saying; Ten days after the death of a pope, the cardinals are to assemble for elections, if after three days of deliberation the cardinals are unable to agree, food rations are diminished, after five more days if no one is selected the rations are reduced to only bread, wine and water and all their earthly revenue is cut off until they elect a new pontiff or hear the voice of the Holy Ghost.

1285 - Pope Honorius IV set up the inquisition in Sardinia and Sicily.

1287 - The invention of the scapular medal and it miraculous power to save from hell was credited to the monk Simon Stock.

1296 - Clericis Laicos: The papal bull of Boniface VIII taxing the clergy and laity to raise money to support his military campaigns.

1302 - On November 18th pope Boniface VIII decrees belief in the Supreme Pontiff essential to salvation in his bull "Unam Sanctam".

1311-12 The general council of Vienne was called by pope Clement V under pressure of Philip king of France to get rid of the knight Templars the roots of modern Freemasonry today.

1315 - The bishop of Breslau ordered the Franciscans to set the inquisition in his diocese, result, 50 fires were lit in that small town alone.

1317 - The Franciscan, John of Durbheim, motivated by a papal bull set up the inquisition in Strasburg.

1321 - Thirteen dominican friars first set up camp in England and by 1360 they already had 43 monastaries and because of their black cloaks and black hoods they were called the Black friars.

1324 - John de Wicliffe born in the North riding of Yorkshire in the parish of Wicliffe, at the age of 16 John was sent to Oxford and was one of 30,000 students during the reign of pope Martin V.

1335 - Pope Benedict XXII appointed the cruel and ruthless Dominican Gallus of Novo Castro as inquisitor general in Prague. His torture was so cruel that an unrecorded, sympathizing Bohemian patriot secretly slew Gallus.

1348 - on August 1st, the black death, the pale horse of revelation 6:* set foot on the shores of England and by November 1st had reached London, where more than 100,000 soul did in that city.

1353 - Geoffrey count de Charney offers the shroud of Turin to the Abbey of Lirey near Toulouse France, with the legend it was Helena the mother of Constantine who had found it in Jerusalem about 340 years after the crucifixion.

1364 - Pope Urban V appointed four Dominicans to set up the inquisition in the west; Henry de Agro and Louis of Caligula for the province of Mainz and John of Moneta with Walter Kerlinger for the districts of Colonge and Trier.

Confiscation of Property of None-catholic Christians

1369 - Motivated by the papacy Emperor Charles IV issued 4 edicts, one edict was for the confiscation of all property belonging to the mystical Christians.

1370 - Two Dominican friars, John Gallus & Elias Petit planted the inquisition in Russia, Georgia, lower Armenia and Wallachia.

1373 - ( July 6th ) The birth of John Huss in the market town of Hussinetz, near the boundry of Bavaria near the Moldau river. John entered the university of Prague and was made Bachelor of Arts in 1393, batchelor of Theology in 1394, and Master of Arts in 1396. John was appointed preacher of the church of Bethlehem in 1402

1374 - John Milic of Kromeriz: A member of the Czech. reform movement who protested against the papal corruption of his day. He was accused of heresy but died in 1374 before his case was settled.

1377 (May 22) Pope Gregory XI signed three papal bulls to be dispatched to England, one to Simon Sudbury archbishop of Canturbury, one to William Courtenay, bishop of London and one to the king of England, all three papal BULLS demanded the silencing of the heretic John de Wicliffe

1378 - The last civilian pope to be elected who was not previously a cardinal he took the name of Urban VI.(1378-89)

1382 John de Wicliffe finished the translation of the bible into the English language. That same year, the papacy forbid the English people from reading the bible.

1384 - December 31 John de Wicliffe went home to be with the LORD he had fervently preached.

1384 - Dominican friar Andreas of Caffa set up the inquisition in Greece and friar Pantalone set it up in Ethiopia. Procedure: The tribunal was the clergy, the torturing was done by the friars, the wood was gathered by the secular power who lit the fires and the civil magistrate expedited the death sentence pronounced by the inquisitorial judges. To refuse to co-operate with the papacy meant excommunication.

1409 - The council of Pisa was called by a college of Cardinals for the purpose of deposing two reigning popes also elected by two separate colleges of cardinals. Pope Gregory XII and Benedict XIII were deposed and the archbishop of Milan was elected. He took the name of Alexander V.

1410 - Sigismund (1368-1437) Holy Roman emperor and German king (1411-37) king of Hungary (1387-1437)and of Bohemia (1420-37) son of Charles IV summoned the council of Constance 1415 for the deposition of three catholic popes. He deceived John Huss into coming to the council by a safe conduct he later reneged.

1428 - Pope Martin V made a decree forbidding any Italian ship to transport Jews to the Holy Land. In 1468 pope Paul II renewed the edict and forbid all Christian ships from doing the same.

1414-15 The wine cup forbidden to the Roman Catholic laity at the Eucharist.

1415 - June 5th John first put on trial a preliminary hearing his books and teachings examined.

1415 - June 7th an almost total eclipse of the sun scared the Roman Catholic hierarchy in their unfair and forceful imprisonment of John Huss.

1415 - July 6th the anniversary of the birth of John Huss he was burned at the stake out side the city of Constance under the orders of the Roman Catholic church. From his evangelism came the Moravian church. 1439 - The council of Florence officially set the number of church sacraments to seven.

1440 - Lorenzo Valla exposed the fraudulent document of the donation of Constantine as spurious. In this fraudulent document it was alleged that emperor Constantine had conferred the western part of the Roman empire to pope Sylvester I in an era when the word pope was not yet in vogue.

1452 - 1498 Jerome Savonarola: Italy's greatest preacher he denounced papal infallibility and rebuked the pope for his immorality, for this he was excommunicated. When his prophecy concerning Charles VIII of France came to pass his spirit filled life influenced the people of Florence to turn to Christ for salvation. The papal hierarchy irritated by his evangelical success incited a mob to capture Savonarola and they burn him at the stake.

1452 - Pope Nicholas V crowns Frederick III emperor of the holy Roman empire (the last emperor crowned by a pope.

1453 - Mohammed II (1430-81) the Ottoman Sultan of Turkey captured Constantinople in 1453 to mark the end of the Byzantine empire.

1455 - 1536 Jacobus Faber; French calvinistic reformer one of the original French version of the N.T. scriptures and underlies all subsequent translations.

1466 - 1536 Erasmus: A brilliant Dutch scholar held a neutral position between the church of Rome and the reformers of his day, bringing him hostile criticism from both sides. His Greek N.T. translation exposed the need for revision of the Latin Vulgate.

Spanish Inquisition (The Jewish Scourge)

1483 - Pope Sixtus IV made Tomas of Troquemada the inquisitor general for Spain. He was so cruel that he was rightfully named, "the Jewish scourge" He ordered burned at the stake any one reading a bible or reading the Torah. For fifteen years an average of 600 souls a month went through his torture chambers. He emptied Spain of every Christian and every Jew.

1483 - 1546 Martin Luther son of a Thuringian miner was born November 10th in Eisleben. At age 22 he entered a monastery, where he experienced the new birth. He succeeded his mentor Johann Staupitz as vicar general of the Augustinians. It was preaching Justification by faith alone that arouse the ire of the papacy and provoked the Diet of Worms to order his seizure. Luther was protected by the elector of Saxony who hid him in his castle at Wartburg.

1484 - Birth of Ulrich Zwingli on January 1st.(Reformed roots)

1485 - 1509: Reign of Henry VII (Anglican confession) 1486 - 1543: Johann Maier Eck; A German Roman Catholic theologian, a skillful debater used by the papacy in an attempt to confuse Luther and Zwingli In 1519 in Leipzig Eck extracted from Luther the admission that the general councils of the church of Rome were subject to error, from this confession eck obtained the papal bull "Exsurge Domini" in 1520 condemning Luther as a heretic.

1488 - 1568: Myles Coverdale; The translator of the FIRST COMPLETE authorized English Bible printed in 1535. He was editor of the Great Bible 1539.

1489 - 1556: Thomas Crammer; elevated to archbishop of Canterbury in connection with the first divorce of Henry VIII when he annulled the king's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and supported the act of supremacy.

1490 - 1547 Hugh Latimer: English reformer was burned at the stake in Oxford with his friend Nicholas Ridley by orders of queen Mary.

1491 - 1547: Henry VIII King of England; his divorce was not the cause but the pretext for the Reformation in England. Henry the VIII proclaimed Royal Supremacy even in the church. "Act of Supremacy:" of 1534 declared Henry VIII, "the only supreme head of the church of England on earth." This act was repealed by Queen Mary in 1554 and revived by a new act in 1559 declaring the Queen, "Supreme Governor" of the realm in all matters and authorized to visit and correct the church.

1492 - Christopher Columbus discovered America.

1493 - 1519 Emperor Maximilian I became Holy Roman emperor.

1495 - 1536 William Tyndale had to flee to Europe in order to translate the new testament into English from the original language. He was burned at the stake for heresy in Vilvorde Belgium. The papal bull to burn William Tyndale came direct from the Vatican.

1498 - Torquemada dies from the gout and another cruel Dominican by the name of Diego de Deza replaces him.

1500 - 1555 Nicholas Ridley English martyr burned at the stake at Oxford by the Roman catholic queen Mary.

1504 - 1567 Philip of Hesse adopted the reformed faith and devoted himself in uniting the Protestant groups, namely the followers of Martin Luther and Zwingly. His testimony was disgraced by his bigamy with Margaret von der Saale whom he married in 1540.

1506 - On April 18th the foundation stone was laid for the new St Peter's basilica.

1508-80 The prayers and devotion to Mary were increased and the rosary salutation to Mary received a second part, "Holy Mary mother of God pray for us."

1509 - Birth of John Calvin on July 10th at Noyon Picardy. (Reformed roots) Calvin experienced the new birth in 1532, he became a fugitive in France, he was persuaded by Farel to settled in Geneva to guide the reformation going on there.

1509 - 1547: The reign of Henry VIII in England.

1512-17 The fifth general council of Lateran; was primarily called to continue the work of reform within the church of Rome. A papal bull was promulgated declaring a papal election nul and void when secured by simony or bribes. This council who was convened by pope Julius II was brought to a close by pope Leo X who ascended the pontifical chair after the death of Julius February 21 1513.

1513 - March 09 Cardinal Giovanni de Midici was the last pope to be elected that was not even a priest at his election. He took the name of pope Leo X. The Golden age of unrestrained papal parties building expenditures and masquerades. He died with the golden cup in his hand.

1516 - 1587 John Foxe: Wrote the book "Foxe's book of martyrs" should be read by all Christians.

1516 - Tetzel (Deizel) the Dominican monk sets up shop in Germany selling indulgences, unlimited pardons and access through the pearly gates.

The Reformation Begins

1517 - Luther nails his ninety five theses on the castle door.

1519 - On June 28th Charles V twenty two year old grandson of Maximilian was elected emperor of Europe.

1519 - Zwingli protests against the indulgence preacher Samson.

1524-6 William Tyndale's English translation of the bible from the original Greek and Hebrew text was published in Colonge. He had to smuggle his translation back into England. He was arrested by papal orders, later strangled and his body and some of his translations of the bible were burned with him.

1525 - Ulrich Zwingli abolishes the sacrifice of the mass.

1534 - The Act of Supremacy put British King Henry VIII at the head of the Chruch of England, which up until that time, had been under the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.

1535 - Using the Latin Vulgate Miles Coverdale published his first complete translation of the bible into English in the city of Zurich.

1545-63: The council of Trent. A council summoned to refute the reformation doctrines and reaffirm and redefine Roman Catholic creeds. It took several groups of theologians seven months to define, `The just shall live by faith'.

Traditions of men were put on par with the inspired word of God.

The sacraments of the church were essential for salvation.

Only the Roman clergy had power to forgive or retain sins.

Only the Roman catholic church had the power to interpret scripture.

Transubstantiation reaffirmed and made essential for salvation in the fourth commandment of the church of Rome.

1561 - NEW LAW: Pope Pius IV decreed that the Roman Pontiff could never choose his own successor.

1564 - 1641 Galilie Galileo, confessed God as the creator of the first Atom He was declared a heretic by the Roman Catholic church for teaching the earth revolved around the sun.

1572 - Ten Thousand Christian Huguenots were killed in the bloody massacre in Paris on St Bartholomew's Day. When the pope was asked by his army generals how to distinguish the Heretics from the Roman Catholics The Pope replied, " kill them all ," God knows them that are his,.

1572 - Pope Gregory XIII made the papal mint produce a coin to commemorate this massacre.

1586 - Pope Sixtus V fixed the maximum number of cardinals to seventy at any one time.

1604 - At the suggestion of John Reynolds a puritan bible teacher a committee of 54 scholars were commissioned by James I of England to make a new complete translation of the bible. This bible known as the authorized Version first published in 1611, was revised in 1615, 1629, 1638 and 1762. The authorized King James version we have today that has occasioned so many revivals is the 1762 revision.

The Protestant Movement and associated Revivals

1608 - The first known Baptist Congregation was formed by a number of fleeing separatists in Amsterdam, Holland in 1608.

1623 - 1662 Blaise Pascal: A French mathematician who was born again and filled with the Holy Ghost. He rejected the rational of his day and expressed his conviction that to know God one must want it from the heart.

1624 - 1691 George Fox: Founder of the Quakers (Society of Friends) was put in prison 8 time for preaching the gospel. He married Margaret Fell of Swarthmore Hall. In 1646 George Fox was caught up in the Spirit to the of Adam before he sinned.

1632 - Dordrecht Confession of faith April 21 (Dutch Mennonite) 18 articles of Faith were backed by scripture.

1644 - 1718 William Penn founder and proprietor of Pennsylvania in 1681, he was converted to the Quaker experience in England.

1703 - 1758 Jonathan Edwards a Congregational minister and theologian he was instrumental in the great Calvinistic revival of 1734 in Northampton.

1703 - 1791, John Wesley, founder of the Methodists.

1789 - August 4th king Louis XVI abolished tithes in the national assembly and put priests and bishops on a salary in France. Later that year he confiscated church property and made it the property of the state, about one fifth of the area of France was under papal dominion at that time.

1780 - Monasteries were ordered dissolved in France and by July the same year the civil constitution of the clergy was enforced by the National assembly. This meant bishops and priests were now elected by the local citizens. Jews, Protestants or Roman Catholics could all equally be elected as bishops or priests.

1782 - 1849 William Miller founder of the millerites, was a Baptist farmer preacher who stirred the American nation in 1839 with a calculated date for the second coming of Christ supposed to occur between March 21 1843 and March 21 1844. When these predictions failed the remaining few of Millers followers rallied under the teachings of Ellen Gould White who claimed a divine explanation for the 1844 misinterpretation. These followers of Ellen Gould White later identified as 7th day Adventists.

1784 - Thomas Coke chartered the first Methodist Church in the US on 28th February, 1784. It broke away from the Church of England.

1789 - The outbreak of the French Revolution culminated in the Napoleon Bonaparte wars.

1770 - Banning of the reading of The Bible in France by the National Assembly, October 1790.

1791 - The French National Assembly passed a law giving complete religious freedom to all of it's citizens.

Papal Power Severely restricted

1793 - Abolition of the sumpremacy of Rome over France by the French National Assembly.

rench National Assembly of the existence of God. Declaration banning the reading of the Bible rescinded.

1798 - February 20 Pope Pius VI is taken prisoner under orders from the French government and for seventeen months he is moved as a captive from one city to another.

1799 - Pius VI is moved from Bolunga on May, arrived in Valence on July 14th, where he remained until his death August 29 1799. He was embalmed and buried at Valence his heart and entrails were sealed in an urn and kept to this day in Valence.

1800 - 5th November, new agreement formed between the French Government and the Roman Catholic Church. Reading of the Bible first allowed to be published and read in the French language.

1802 - February 17 the coffin of Pius VI was disinterred and moved to Rome from Valence by permission of Napoleon, but the urn containing the heart and entrails of the pope remained at Valence.

1805 - 1844 Joseph Smith founded the church of the Latter Day Saints in 1830. Joe had an angelic visitation in 1823 which showed him plates which he translated and published the book of Mormons in 1827. He published more revelations called book of commandments in 1833 and published doctrine and covenants in 1835. He was killed by a mob in 1844.

1808 - Napoleon's troops occupy the city of Rome.

1809 - 1882: Charles Darwin, the first perpetrator of the Theory of evolution.

1809 - May 1st Napoleon annexes all the papal States to France.

1809 - May 10th Pope Pius VII excommunicates Napoleon for taking possession of Peter's Patrimony, and the pope secretly calls the British army to fight off the French in Italy.

1809 - Napoleon was defeated at Aspen Austria by the Austrians under Archduke Charles on May 22.

1809 _ July 6 Napoleon's General Radet delivers the pope a letter from Napoleon to lift the ban of excommunication or be taken Prisoner, result, Pius becomes a prisoner and is sent to Savona.

1811 - The British army secretly attempt to rescue the Pope, Napoleon on the night of June 19th moves Pius to the fortified castle of Fontainebleau.

The Missionary Age Begins

1813 - January 25 Pope Pius VII in the presence of four Cardinals signs a document prepared by the emperor. In the concordat the pope renounces all temporal power for himself and all of his successors. There is to be no more papal states, papal armies and no more papal ambassadors.

1813 - March 13 pope Pius VII repudiates all what he had agreed and signed in the concordat of January 25th.

1814 - May, Napoleon grants pope Pius the liberty to return to Rome

1815 - After the defeat of Napoleon, Western Europe, (the Protestant King of England, the Protestant emperor of Germany and the Russian Orthodox) gathered in Vienna in Congress to restore to the papacy it's TEMPORAL power and lands.

1815 - Three priests founded, Society of the Missionaries of France. And William de Chaminade inaugurated the Marianists. Another group called the Society of Mary was founded by Jen Claude Marie Colin (1790-1875) that same year. Gaspare del Bufalo (1786-1837) founded the Congregation of the Most Precious Blood that same year. They spread through Italy and America a branch came into being called the Sisters of the Precious Blood.

1816 - Charles Joseph Eugene de Mazenod (1782-1861) founded the Oblates of the Immaculate Virgin Mary. And the reorganized Society of the Holy Ghost, in Paris, this group merged with the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1848 the founder was Jacob Libermann a backslidden Jew.

1817 - Jen Marie de Lammenais founded Brothers of Christian Instructions in France.

1822 - Charles de Forbin, bishop of Nancy aided by Pauline Marie Jaricot (1799-1862) founded the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, she also helped found the Association of Holy Infancy, it sought to enlist children to give money for the cause.

1823 - Robert Morrison and William Milne published the first Chinese version of the bible in Canton.

1830 - Joseph Smith wrote the Book of Mormon and founded the Church of Jesus Chist of the Latter-day Saints later that year.

1831 - Edward Irving leads the first latter day "charismatic renewal" in his Regents Square Presbyterian Church, London.

1833 - Antoine Frederic Ozanam (1813-53) founded the Society of St Vincent de Paul in France.

1841 - The last pope who was a member of a religious order to be elected, a Camaldolese monk, became Pope Gregory XVI.

1844 - An Adventist movement floated the idea that, according to Biblical prophesy, Jesus would return to earth on 22nd October, 1844. The group, which became the Seventh Day Adventist Church, still believe it has been fulfilled, but in a way that had not previously been understood.

1851 - John Bosco (1815-88) founded the Society of Sales (Salesians) Domenica Mazzarello (1837-1888) founded the Sisters of Maria Conciliatrix.

1852 - 1916 Charles Taze Russel: The man responsible for the Jehovah's Witness religious movement. Born of Scottish-Irish parents Charles Russel was raised a Congregationalist who preached hell fire and brimstone until he revolted against the doctrine of eternal punishment. He predicted the second coming of Christ for 1914. The failure of this prophet was instrumental for the perusia doctrine of the Jehovah's witnesses.

1854 - The dogma of the immaculate conception was defined by pope Pius IX who declared Mary exempt from the stain of original sin. This confusion exempting Mary from the stain of sin would have to have exempted Mary from death which was the punishment for the original transgression.

1860 - In September 1860 the Papal army, the international brigade of zouaves fought their last battle at Castelfidaro, they were defeated and completely dismantled.

1860 - Theophile Verbist founded the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Scheutveld Belgium, near Brussels. 1861 - Victor Emmanuel II (1820-78) First king of Italy (1861-78) drove the Austrians from northern Italy (1859).

1865 - Methodist minister William Booth founded what was to become the Salvation Army. The Christian Mission he established in London changed its name to The Salvation Army in 1878.

1866 - Helen Marie Philippine de Chappotin (1839-1904) founded the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, later she founded the order of Marie-Reparatrice in India.

1868 - Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie (1825-92) archbishop of Carthage, primate of Africa and a cardinal founded the Society of Missionaries of Our Lady of Africa, the white garb of these priest was intended to resemble the Moslems garbs.

1868-70 The first general council of the Vatican; on July 18th, there came the proclamation of Papal infallibility and primacy of jurisdiction over the church as Rome claim was given to Peter by Christ. Peter's successors are the bishops of the holy see of Rome.

1870 - September 20th the Italian army defeated the papal army and at 10 AM pope Pius IX surrenders by hoisting the white flag on the Cupola of St Peters. The papal State was merged with Italy, and now the pope was like a prisoner in his Vatican.

1871 _ In June, Italian parliament passed a law guaranteeing the pope personal immunity in his Vatican plus an annual revenue of three and a quarter million lire operating fund. He was freed to run his church unhindered by politics.

1871 - Keswick "Higher Life" movement established under teachings of American holiness teachers such as Hannah Whitall Smith and William E. Boardman.

1874 - the year in which early Jehovah's Witnesses believed Christ's Second Presence had begun invisibly on earth. As part of the dawning of the Millennium, Christ was believed to have been enthroned as King in 1878, and the destruction of religious organizations and governments was expected by the year 1914, to be followed by the establishment of a world-wide paradise.

1875 - Arnold Janssen created the Society of the Divine Word. (RC) 1875 - Mary Baker Eddy organized and formed a society known as Christian science in Massachusetts.

1876 - NEW LAW: Giacomo Antonelli the last none priest cardinal, canon law 232,1 declares that now cardinals must be priests.

1877 - Pope Leo XIII created the ARA, " Administration of Religious Agencies" an advisory committee that saw to the distribution of Vatican capital assets.

1878 - King Emmanuel II dies on January 9th in the Quirinal Palace.

Pentecostal Revival Begins

1901 - The Pentecostal Movement began with a handful of students in a Bible School in Topeka, Kansas, USA. The first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues was Agnes Ozman, a Bible School student, who spoke in tongues on the very first day of the new century, January 1, 1901.

1904 - The Wesh Revival under evangelist Evan Roberts.

1905 - Pentecostal revival at the "Apostolic Faith Mission", Azusa Street in Los Angeles, USA. Its pastor, William J. Seymour, later took the Pentecostal message to the world.

1914-18 World war I, pope Benedict XV pontificate 1914-22

1917 - The Soviet Communist revolution

1927 - Lausanne Conference (faith and order)

1929 - Pope Pius XI and the government of Italy under Mussolini sign The Lateran Treaty making the Vatican a separate State within the nation of Italy, restoring to the papacy the office of temporal ruler and sovereign of the Vatican State. Besides the 108 acre Papal State the Vatican received in cash renumeration for their loses caused by the war of 1870 ninety million cash and granted the Vatican exemption from Italian State audits in tax and financial matters with tax exemption on all Vatican funded corporations used for the support of the Roman catholic church. The Pact of February 11th was ratified in June the same year and became the law of the Land. 

1929 - Pope Pius XI on June 7th created a new finance agency called Special Administration of the Holy See and appointed as it's manager Bernardino Nogara in the office of "Delegato"

1933 - Hitler comes to power and the Vatican concordat with Germany.

1939-45 World war II, pope Pius XII pontificate 1939-58

1940 - During excavations under St Peter's basilica built over a heathen burial ground, the archeologists unearthed directly beneath the high altar the remains of a human in a box. When the box was opened they found a few bones and pieces of royal garments tainted purple with gold trim. In 1968 Pope Paul VI made declared this find to be the official remains of St Peter.

1942 - Pius XII created a new financial agency for the investment of funds from all catholic religious revenues. This was signed on June 27th by the pontiff Pius XII and Nogara the financier. The 72 year old Nogara now had unrestricted control of IRA. After the death of Nogara Cardinal Alberto di Jorio replaced him as Delegato and Monsignor Serio Guerri took over as the new financier of IRA.

1943 - Mussolini was defeated, in 1945 at end of W/W II he was shot.

1948 - World council of churches founded. Michele Sidona sets up shop in Milan as an expert in corporate and tax laws.

1950 - The dogma of the Assumption of Mary ratified by Pius XII.

1954 - World council of churches meet in Evanston.

1955 - The foundation of Latin American bishops conference (CELAM)

1957 - On November 2nd Sidona chaired a meeting in Hotel des Palmes in Palmero Sicily for the Mafia, present were Lucky Luciano, Joseph Bonnano (Joe Bannanas), Carmine Galante, Frank Copola and Tommaso Buscetta, purpose investment of profits from the illegal drug trade and laundered through Roman Catholic banks.

1962 - NEW LAW: Pope John XXIII decreed that all future cardinals now must be bishops.

1968 - World council of churches meet in Uppsala & CELAM in Medellin

1969 - Sidona becomes a member of P-2 (Propaganda Due) the ultra secret group led by Licio Gelli set up to uproot Communism. There he could exchange ideas with other high ranking clerics and bankers like Roberto Calvi who became the director of Banco Ambrosiano that same year.

1969 - Alone in the private office of Paul VI, the pope and Sidona sign a document giving Michele Sidona total control of Vatican assets and bishop Paul Marchincus replaced Sergio Guerri in control of IRA. Sidona had the premature dream of controlling the world monetary system until he fell.

1970 - NEW LAW: All cardinals over the age of eighty years are bared from participation in papal elections.

1975 - World council of churches meet in Nairobi.

1978 - NEW LAW: Pope Paul VI set the maximum number of cardinals to one hundred and twenty. & CELAM holds assembly in Puebla

1978 - Aug 26 John Paul I ascends the papal chair and appoints a special commission to deal with the Jesuit general on the disputed issues of homosexuality, priesthood for women, original sin and abortion. He also appointed a three man commission to investigate the illegal dealings of the IRA and involvement with the Mafia. Thirty four days later Sep. 29th this daring new pope went to bed never to wake up again.

1982 - On June 18th Roberto Calvi's body was found hanging from Blackfriars bridge in London. He had twelve pounds of bricks in his pockets as well as $20,000 and a counterfeit passport.

1983 - World council of churches meet in Vancouver.

1984 - On February 18 a fourteen article revision of the 1929 pact was signed, removing from the Vatican control the Jewish catacombs, the claim that Catholicism was the state religion in Italy, that Rome was sacred and separated the Italian state from religious control.

1984 - In March the USA appointed William A. Wilson as Ambassador to the Vatican State.

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TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE

AD 400 Latin Vulgate by Jerome.

AD 1384 John de Wycliffe English Translation

AD 1526 Tyndale English trtanslation.

AD 1535 Coverdale English Translation.

AD 1537 Mathew traanslation

AD 1539 Great Bible Translation

AD 1560 Geneva Translation

AD 1568 Bishops Bible Translation

AD 1582 RHEIMS N/T bible

AD 1609 Douai O/T Translation

KING JAMES AUTHORIZED VERSION 1611 - 1762